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就对社会实践的影响而言,再也没有一种理论像官僚制理论那样被广泛用于政府管理和社会治理的实践当中。然而,它的成就不足以掩盖它的内在缺陷。在官僚制技术主义的工具理性追求中,韦伯回避了价值因素的意义。也正是因为如此,整个20世纪的公共行政实践不但没有实现责任与效率的完美结合,反而愈来愈在责任与效率的问题上招致批评与质疑。西方对官僚制的反思包括理论与实践两个层面,即理论层面的新公共管理理论、新公共服务理论与实践层面的以“重塑政府”为主旨的行政改革浪潮。这种反思本身并不涉及官僚制的历史合理性,而主要集中于官僚制在满足现代社会的效率要求方面的失灵。然而,西方行政改革浪潮并不意味着官僚制的终结,它仍以官僚制为整体背景并试图寻求方法与技术上的创新对官僚制进行修补,以满足当代经济与社会发展的要求。
As far as the impact on social practice is concerned, no theory is widely used in the practice of government management and social governance as bureaucratic theory. However, its achievements are not enough to cover up its inherent flaws. In the rational pursuit of bureaucratic technicalism, Weber avoided the significance of the value factor. Precisely because of this, the entire 20th century public administration practice has not only failed to achieve the perfect combination of responsibility and efficiency, but has increasingly led to criticism and questioning on issues of responsibility and efficiency. The western reflection on the bureaucracy includes both theoretical and practical aspects, that is, the theory of new public management theory and the wave of administrative reform based on the principle of “reshaping the government” in the new public service theory and practice. This reflection itself does not involve the historical rationality of the bureaucracy, but mainly focuses on the failure of the bureaucracy to meet the efficiency requirements of modern society. However, the tide of administrative reform in the West does not mean the end of bureaucracy. Instead, it attempts to repair the bureaucracy with the bureaucratic system as a whole and seeks ways and technical innovations to meet the requirements of contemporary economic and social development.