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一、经济特区不同的区位优势 区位优势是什么?我觉得它应该包括优越的地理位置、所依托的国际与国内市场及所处的交通、能源大环境等方面。毗邻港澳(或面对台湾)、华侨众多、商品经济比较发达,是中央对广东、福建两省在对外经济活动中实行特殊政策、灵活措施的一个重要因素,也是选择深圳、珠海、汕头、厦门设立经济特区的一个重要原因。这就是我国经济特区的区位优势。当然,区位优势也不是任何时候都可以发挥作用的。以深圳特区为例,深圳毗邻香港早已有之,但改革开放之前,深圳依然是一个落后的边陲小镇,只有这种区位优势与政策优势有机结合,才产生了今天的经济飞跃。 我国五个经济特区都有着自己的区位优势,这里我只谈广东三个特区区位优势的不同特点。 深圳经济特区毗邻香港。香港是国际上一个金融、贸易、运输、旅游、信息中心,是国际化的城市,它为深圳特区利用外资,引进技术和管理经验,发展进出口贸易、旅游业、房地产业,收集信息等提供了特别方便的条件。深圳又有铁路与京广运输大动脉相通,与中国广大的腹地相连,为特区经济的发展提供了大范围的后方。深圳还是一个土地多人口少的地方(人员外流造成),为经济的起步、发展提供了丰富的土地资源。
I. What are the advantages of different SEZs’ location advantages? I think they should include the superior geographical location, the international and domestic markets and the transportation and energy environment in which they are located. Adjacent to Hong Kong and Macao (or facing Taiwan), many overseas Chinese and more developed commodity economy are important factors for the Central Government to impose special policies and flexible measures on foreign economic activities in Guangdong and Fujian provinces. They also choose Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shantou, Xiamen An important reason for setting up a special economic zone. This is the geographical advantage of our special economic zone. Of course, location advantages do not work anytime. Taking Shenzhen Special Economic Zone as an example, Shenzhen has long been adjacent to Hong Kong. Before the reform and opening up, Shenzhen was still a backward border town. Only by combining such geographical advantages and policy advantages, has this led to an economic leap today. All five special economic zones in our country have their own geographical advantages. Here I will only talk about the different characteristics of the geographical advantages of the three special economic zones in Guangdong. Shenzhen Special Economic Zone adjacent to Hong Kong. Hong Kong is an international financial, trade, transportation, tourism and information center and an international city. It provides the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone with the opportunity to use foreign capital, introduce technology and management experience, develop import and export trade, tourism, real estate industry and collect information. Very convenient conditions. Another rail link with the Beijing-Guangzhou transport artery connects Shenzhen with the vast hinterland of China and provides a broad rear area for the economic development in the SAR. Shenzhen is also a place where there is less land and more people (caused by outflow of people), providing rich land resources for the start-up and development of the economy.