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目的研究皮革、毛皮及其制品业的卫生防护距离标准,为其距离国家标准修订提供参考。方法选择具有代表性的皮革、毛皮及其制品企业进行调查,确定其特征污染物,调查企业周边居民的健康状况,根据调查结果,按照《制定地方大气污染物排放标准的技术方法》(GB/T 13201—91)中推荐的估算方法,对不同规模的皮革、毛皮及其制品企业的卫生防护距离进行估算,提出皮革、毛皮及其制品企业卫生防护距离标准的建议值。结果皮革、毛皮及其制品企业无组织排放的主要特征污染物为硫化氢,生产规模在0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8和1.0亿平方英尺/年时,硫化氢无组织排放量(Qc)分别为0.041、0.082、0.122、0.163和0.204 kg/h;企业周边居民健康调查中发现距离企业500 m范围内人群受到一定的影响,闻到臭味、头晕头痛和恶心、食欲不振的发生率有一定升高;结合现场实测,提出皮革、毛皮及其制品企业卫生防护距离标准建议值为200～600 m。结论通过实地监测、环境流行病学调查综合分析,初步提出了较为合适的卫生防护距离标准。
Objective To study the standard of health protection distance of leather, fur and their products industry and provide reference for the revision of national standard. Methods The representative enterprises of leather, fur and their products were selected to investigate, determine their characteristic pollutants and investigate the health status of residents around the enterprises. According to the survey results, according to “Technical Methods of Establishing Local Air Pollutant Emission Standards” (GB / T 13201-91) recommended in the estimation method for different sizes of leather, fur and their products business health protection distance to estimate the proposed value of leather, fur and its products recommended health protection distance standards. Results The main characteristic pollutant of the unorganized emission of leather, fur and their products was hydrogen sulfide. When the production scale was 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 hundred million square feet per year, the unorganized emission of hydrogen sulfide (Qc) 0.041, 0.082, 0.122, 0.163 and 0.204 kg / h respectively. In the survey on the health of residents around the enterprise, it was found that the population within 500 m from the enterprise was affected to a certain extent. The incidence of stink, dizziness, headache and nausea and loss of appetite was certain High; combined with field measurements, proposed leather, fur and their products health protection distance standard recommended value is 200 ~ 600 m. Conclusion Through a comprehensive analysis of field monitoring and environmental epidemiological survey, a more appropriate standard of health protection distance was initially proposed.