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目的了解公共服务场所器械的消毒方式和乙型肝炎(乙肝)病毒污染现况。方法分层随机选择美容院、美发店、理发店、洗浴中心63家,对682名工作人员开展问卷调查。用放射免疫方法检测公共服务场所器械表面乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)。结果公共场所器械的主要消毒方式为酒精擦拭和紫外线消毒,分别占34.60%和30.79%。公共场所器械HBsAg检出率为2.13%,大、中、小型公共场所器械检出率分别为0.63%、2.67%、3.70%,大、小型公共场所器械HBsAg检出率的差异有显著的统计学意义(χ2=6.68,P<0.05)。美容院、理发店和洗脚店器械HBsAg检出率分别为2.97%、0.61%和3.42%;不同器械HBsAg检出率不同,暗疮针和镊子检出率较高,分别为5.13%和4.17%。刀具HBsAg检出率主要集中于修脚刀6.11%(8/131)、剃刀3.17%(2/63)、剪刀0.52%(1/193)。不同服务类型用的刀具HBsAg检出率不同,其中洗脚店用刀具检出率最高(8.33%)。结论应加大公共场所器械的消毒管理,规范正确的消毒方法;同时还应加强公众健康教育,提高乙肝防治知识,增强公众法律监督意识。
Objective To understand the disinfection methods of public service establishments and the status of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Methods Stratified randomly selected beauty salons, hairdressing salons, barbershop, bath center 63, conducted a survey of 682 staff. Radioimmunoassay was used to detect hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) on the surface of public service equipment. Results The main disinfection methods for public places were alcohol wiping and ultraviolet disinfection, accounting for 34.60% and 30.79% respectively. The detection rate of HBsAg in public places was 2.13%, and the detection rates of large, medium and small public places were 0.63%, 2.67% and 3.70% respectively. The detection rates of HBsAg in large and small public places were statistically significant Significance (χ2 = 6.68, P <0.05). The detection rates of HBsAg in beauty salons, hairdressers and foot-washing shops were 2.97%, 0.61% and 3.42% respectively. The detection rates of HBsAg in different instruments were different, with the detection rates of 5.13% and 4.17% . Tool HBsAg detection rate mainly concentrated in the pedicure knife 6.11% (8/131), razor 3.17% (2/63), scissors 0.52% (1/193). The detection rate of HBsAg for different types of service tools is different, among which the highest detection rate (8.33%) is for knives for foot-washing shop. Conclusions The disinfection management of public places should be strengthened and the correct disinfection methods should be regulated. At the same time, public health education should be strengthened to raise awareness of prevention and treatment of hepatitis B and enhance public awareness of legal supervision.