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病例对照研究发现酸煎饼、咸鱼、慢性胃炎、家族史及吸烟均是胃癌的危险因素，葱蒜类蔬菜有强保护作用。３４００例胃镜检查ＣＡＧ（慢性萎缩性胃炎）、ＩＭ（肠上皮化生）及ＤＹＳ（不典型增生）的发生率分别为９８％、５３％及２０％。如以最高病变诊断标准计算，则ＳＧ（浅表性胃炎）１．７％，ＣＡＧ４４．８％，ＩＭ３３．０％，ＤＹＳ２０％。各种癌前病变发展至胃癌呈线性进展型，其ＯＲ（危险度）分别为：浅表型ＩＭ１３．８，深度ＩＭ３４．６，轻度ＤＹＳ２５．８，中或重度ＤＹＳ１０３．８。受检人群中幽门螺杆菌抗体阳性者占７２％，与胃粘膜病变的程度相关。ＰＧ（胃蛋白酶原）Ⅰ∶Ⅱ随病变的进展而逐步降低，ＳＧ９．１，ＣＡＧ７．２，ＩＭ５．７，ＤＹＳ５．４及ＧＣ（胃癌）３．８。基于上述研究结果，１９９５年秋开展了胃癌前病变的随机化前瞻性干预试验
A case-control study found that pancakes, salted fish, chronic gastritis, family history, and smoking were risk factors for gastric cancer, and onion and garlic vegetables had strong protective effects. The incidence of CAG (chronic atrophic gastritis), IM (intestinal metaplasia), and DYS (atypical hyperplasia) in 3400 gastroscopes was 98%, 53%, and 20%, respectively. If calculated according to the highest diagnostic criteria, SG (superficial gastritis) 1.7%, CAG 44.8%, IM 33.0%, and DYS 20%. A variety of precancerous lesions developed into linear progression of gastric cancer, and their OR (risk) were: superficial IM13.8, depth IM34.6, mild DYS25.8, moderate or severe DYS103.8. In the population examined, 72% of patients with positive Helicobacter pylori antibodies were associated with the extent of gastric mucosal lesions. PG (pepsinogen) I:II gradually decreased as the lesion progressed, SG9.1, CAG7.2, IM5.7, DYS5.4 and GC (gastric cancer) 3.8. Based on the above findings, a randomized prospective intervention trial of gastric precancerous lesions was conducted in autumn of 1995.