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为了认识岩土的区域分布规律及其公路工程性质,进行中国公路岩土区划研究,岩石类型区划是其中的重要组成部分。在分析和比较已有的岩石类型划分方法的基础上,提出了服务于岩土区划的岩石分类体系,即将岩石主要按照单轴饱和抗压强度(Rc)划分成坚硬岩石、次坚硬岩石、软质岩石和极软岩石等4种类型。基于ArcGIS9.1编制了《中国公路岩石类型分布图》,据此分析了中国公路岩石类型的分布情况以及区域工程性质。结果表明,坚硬岩石和次坚硬岩石在我国分布很广,强度较高,是较好的筑路材料;软质岩石和极软岩石分布很少,力学性质较差,易诱发公路地质灾害。中国公路岩石类型区划为中国公路岩土区划、灾害区划乃至公路自然区划等提供了重要参数和基础图件。
In order to understand the regional distribution of rock and soil and the nature of highway engineering, the study of Chinese highway geotechnical regionalization shows that the division of rock types is an important part of it. Based on the analysis and comparison of existing rock type classification methods, a rock classification system serving for geotechnical zoning is proposed. The rock is divided into hard rock, sub-hard rock and soft rock according to uniaxial saturated compressive strength (Rc) Four types of rock and soft rock. Based on ArcGIS9.1, “China road rock type distribution map” was compiled, and the distribution of rock types in China highway and the nature of regional engineering were analyzed. The results show that hard rock and subhard rock are widely distributed in our country with high strength, which is a good road building material. The distribution of soft rock and soft rock is very little and mechanical properties are poor, which can easily induce road geological disasters. China’s highway rock type zoning provides important parameters and basic maps for China’s highway geotechnical zoning, disaster zoning and even road natural zoning.