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生态系统服务是生态系统功能中有利于人类福祉的部分,生态系统功能向服务的转化研究成为未来生态系统服务评估的重要发展方向.以大气环境污染较为严重的北京市和陕西省关中地区的城市森林生态系统为例,利用气溶胶再形成法,研究不同树种和污染区城市森林生态系统滞纳空气颗粒物能力,探讨其向服务的转化率问题.结果表明,城市森林生态系统中不同树种滞纳空气颗粒物功能向服务的转化率存在差异,雪松最高,达95%,而白皮松最低,仅为47%,树种滞纳颗粒物能力与转化率没有必然联系,电镜扫描结果显示与叶表微观结构特征如气孔大小或多少、绒毛长短、蜡质层有无等有关.空气污染强度不同的多个城市中,转化率为宝鸡>西安>咸阳>韩城>杨凌>渭南>铜川,空气污染严重的城市转化率较高,空气质量优越且颗粒物含量少的城市,转化率相对较低.因此,叶片表面结构和树种所处地区的空气污染程度共同决定了城市森林生态系统滞纳空气颗粒物功能向服务的转化率;空气质量较差地区应增加绿地面积、提高植被覆盖率,有针对性地选择转化率较高的树种.
Ecosystem services is a part of ecosystem functions that benefits human well-being, and the study of the transformation from ecosystem functions to services has become an important development direction for ecosystem services assessment in the future. Taking Beijing and Guanzhong areas in Shaanxi Province as major polluters, Forest ecosystem as an example, the aerosol reformatting method was used to study the abilities of air pollutants in urban forest ecosystems to catch up with airborne particles in different tree species and polluted areas, and the conversion rate to service was discussed. The results showed that different tree species in urban forest ecosystems There was a difference in the conversion rate from airborne particulate matter to service, with the highest cedar reaching 95% and the lowest bark amount being only 47%. There was no correlation between the ability of the tree species to suspend the particulate matter and the conversion rate. Stomatal size or size, length of villi, presence of waxy layer, etc. Among the cities with different air pollution intensity, the conversion rates are Baoji> Xianyang> Xianyang> Hancheng> Yangling> Weinan> Tongchuan, a city with serious air pollution In cities with high rates, good air quality and low levels of particulate matter, the conversion rates are relatively low. Therefore, The degree of air pollution in the area where the tree species and tree species are located jointly determines the conversion rate of airborne particulate matter from service to service in urban forest ecosystems. Green areas should be increased in areas with poor air quality to improve the vegetation coverage and the conversion rate Higher tree species.