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目的了解2013年青岛市流行性乙型脑炎(简称乙脑)流行病学特征,为制定乙脑防控策略提供依据。方法对2013年青岛市乙脑病例进行描述性流行病学分析。结果 1981-2013年间青岛市累计报告乙脑病例552例,年发病率在0.00/10万~2.60/10万之间,其中2013年报告31例(年发病率0.40/10万),死亡4例(病死率12.90%)。病例均发生在8~10月;全市11个县(市)区中有8个地区有病例发生,多数病例居住在郊区;80.65%的病例为40岁以上中老年人;病例职业以农民居多。31例病例中93.55%的病例乙脑疫苗免疫史不详。于发病6个月后对31例病例进行了随访调查,其中后遗症发生率为41.84%,全部后遗症病例均有记忆力及理解力减退症状,部分病例还有瘫痪、失语、嗜睡等症状。结论 2013年青岛市出现乙脑发病高峰,病死率和后遗症发生率高,为此应加强防病意识,通过提高人群乙脑疫苗接种率、消灭蚊虫孳生地等措施做好疫情防控。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of Japanese encephalitis (JE) in 2013 in Qingdao and provide evidence for the prevention and control of JE. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis of JE cases in Qingdao in 2013. Results A total of 552 JE cases were reported in Qingdao between 1981 and 2013, with an annual incidence of between 0.00 / 100 and 2.60 / 100 000. Among them, 31 were reported in 2013 (annual incidence was 0.40 / 100 000) and 4 died (Mortality rate 12.90%). The cases occurred in 8 ~ October; the city’s 11 counties (cities) in 8 districts have cases, the majority of cases living in the suburbs; 80.65% of the cases for the elderly over the age of 40; 93.55% of 31 cases of cases of JE vaccine immunization history unknown. After 6 months of onset, 31 cases were followed up. The incidence of sequelae was 41.84%. All cases of sequelae had memory and comprehension loss symptoms. Some cases also had symptoms of paralysis, aphasia and drowsiness. Conclusion The peak incidence of Japanese encephalitis occurred in Qingdao in 2013 with a high incidence of fatalities and sequelae. Therefore, prevention awareness should be strengthened and epidemic prevention and control should be well done by raising population coverage of Japanese encephalitis and eliminating breeding places of mosquitoes.