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1961年4月12日,前苏联航天员加加林乘坐“东方-1”号宇宙飞船绕地球飞行1圈,历时108分钟,成为首位进入太空的人。
1965年3月18日,前苏联发射“上升-2”号飞船,航天员阿列克谢·列昂诺夫完成了人类的首次太空行走。
2007年4月16日,美国女宇航员苏尼·威廉斯在国际空间站的一台跑步机上同步参加波士顿马拉松赛,并以4小时23分46秒跑完全程,成为世界上第一个在太空跑马拉松的人。
从第一次进入太空到第一次太空马拉松长跑,我们可以看到,带着对苍茫宇宙的向往,人类一直在凭借智慧和勇气一步一步拉近自己与太空的距离。苏尼·威廉斯勇于挑战太空马拉松的壮举让我们再次有理由相信:不久的将来,人类与太空的接触会更加频繁而亲密!
Suni Williams is registered for April’s Boston Marathon, even though she’ll be stuck on the 1)International Space Station when the rest of the 2)field lines up for the 111th 3)edition of the race. So, the US Navy commander will run the equivalent distance on a 4)treadmill, 330 km above Earth, and 5)tethered to her track by 6)bungee cords, so she doesn’t float away.
Another 7)NASA astronaut, Karen Nyberg, will dodge the 8)potholes from 9)Hopkinton to Boston’s 10)Back Bay on April 16, 2007 along with Williams’ elder sister Dina Pandya and almost 24,000 other runners. Although the race starts at 10 am 11)EDT on Earth, Williams might not be able to run 12)contemporaneously because her sleep schedule—a fairly 13)arbitrary matter in space—is set for the arrival of a 14)Soyuz mission.
“I’m not sure if the start is scheduled for such time that she’d be awake,” Pandya said. “They’re going to be on Russian time, so they’re kind of sleep-shifting.”
Williams qualified for the Boston race by finishing last January’s 15)Houston Marathon in 3 hours, 29 minutes, 57 seconds. But on December 9, 2006 Williams took off on the 16)Space Shuttle Discovery and it became clear she wasn’t going to make it to the starting line.
“I considered it a huge honor to qualify, and I didn’t want my qualification to expire without giving it a shot,” Williams told the 17)Boston Athletic Association, which organizes the oldest of the world’s annual marathons.
The BAA offered to send an official 18)entrant’s 19)bib, and a special finisher’s medal made without lead, to the space station. But when the launch of the shuttle 20)Atlantis originally scheduled to take place in March was postponed, Williams had to be e-mailed a bib that she can print out; the other souvenirs will have to wait.
Race organizers have cooperated with 21)far-flung endeavours like the “Boston Marathon in Iraq.” But this is the first race they’ve ever had on a satellite.
“The Boston Marathon is the 22)pinnacle achievement for most runners,” BAA spokesman Jack Fleming said. “For Williams to choose to run the 26.2 miles in space on 23)Patriot’s Day is really a tribute to the thousands of marathoners who are running here on Earth. She is pioneering a new frontier in running and in sports with her run, which will truly be out of this world.”
Williams, 41, has run a handful of marathons, and she went through rigorous testing before being 24)blasted into orbit. But 3 months of little gravity 25)takes a toll on a human.
“In micro gravity, both of these things start to go away, because we don’t use our legs to walk around and don’t need the bones and muscles to hold us up under the force of gravity,” Williams told the BAA.
“One of the interesting things about sweating or 26)working out up here is that the stuff doesn’t evaporate off you or drop off you,” Williams said. “The water just sort of stays on you until it makes a big enough 27)glop that it kind of floats away.”
Gravity remains a problem for the world’s top marathoners as they 28)trudge up 29)Heartbreak Hill.
But Williams has her own problems.
A “30)vibration isolation system” built by a NASA engineer will keep her from shaking the entire space station as she runs, but the machinery puts a strain on the runner’s hips and shoulders.
Running a marathon is a strain under normal conditions: the first person who ran one, according to Greek legend, dropped dead when he finished. Since then, thousands of runners have sought refuge from on-course aid stations and finish line medical tents to be treated for 31)hypothermia, 32)dehydration, 33)blisters, broken bones and heart attacks.
“That 34)harness gets hard on her back and shoulders, or her hips. Her foot was going numb because the strap 35)squeezes her hip so much,” Pandya said. “She realises that she has to be OK (after she’s finished). She mentioned the other day, ‘There’s no hot bath.’”
尽管在其余的参赛者都准备好参加第111届波士顿马拉松比赛时,苏尼·威廉斯会呆在国际空间站里,但是她还是报了名参加今年4月的波士顿马拉松比赛。所以到正式比赛时,这位美国海军指挥官会在离地球330千米的高空的一台跑步机上跑相等的距离,届时她会被橡皮带限定在跑步机的轨道上,这样她的身体就不会漂浮起来。
另外一位美国宇航员卡伦·尼伯格会在2007年4月16日与威廉斯的姐姐迪娜·潘迪亚以及其他近24000名参赛者一起沿着高低不平的道路从霍普金顿跑到波士顿的后湾区。尽管地面上的比赛于美国东部时间上午10点开始,但是威廉斯有可能无法在太空上与地面选手同时奔跑。因为她在太空的作息时间是非常不固定的——依据迎接俄罗斯联盟号飞船的到来而制定。
“我不能肯定比赛开始的时间是否是她正醒着的时候,”潘迪亚说,“宇航员们会按俄罗斯时间作息,所以他们在某种程度上是轮流睡觉的。”
在去年1月的休斯顿马拉松比赛中,威廉斯取得了3小时29分57秒的成绩,从而获得了参加这次波士顿马拉松比赛的资格。可是在2006年12月9日,威廉斯乘“发现”号航天飞机升空之后,她意识到自己无法站在起跑线上了。
“我觉得获得参赛资格是一个极大的荣誉,我不想因为没有参赛而被取消资格。” 威廉斯对波士顿运动协会表示。该协会是波士顿马拉松比赛——这个世界上历史最悠久的年度马拉松比赛的主办者。
波士顿运动协会提出把一个正式的参赛号码挂牌和一枚为完成比赛的选手特别制作的不含铅的奖章寄到空间站。但原定于3月升空的“亚特兰蒂斯”号航天飞机推迟发射升空,因此,威廉斯在空间站只能通过电子邮件收到一张比赛号码挂牌的图片,然后自行打印出来。而其他的纪念品就只能推迟拿到了。
这项比赛的主办者曾与其他机构合作举办过远距离的“在伊拉克参加波士顿马拉松赛”的活动。不过,这次可是他们首次在太空进行马拉松比赛。
“参加波士顿马拉松比赛对大多数选手来说是一项达到顶峰的成就。”波士顿运动协会发言人杰克·弗莱明表示,“威廉斯选择在爱国节这天在太空跑26.2英里(约等于42千米),这真是对地面数以千计的参赛者致以敬意。这一举动将使她在赛跑和体育方面开拓出一片新领域,确实是人类的一大壮举。”
今年41岁的威廉斯已经参加过数次马拉松比赛,而且她在被送入太空轨道之前已经通过了严格的体能测试。但是,3个月在极小重力作用下的生活会对人的身体产生严重的负面影响。
“在极小的重力作用下,人的骨骼会开始变得疏松,肌肉会萎缩,因为在太空我们不需要用腿走路,也不需要骨骼和肌肉在重力作用下支撑身体。”威廉斯告诉波士顿运动协会。
“在这里出汗,或者锻炼身体有一件有趣的事,就是汗水不会从你身上蒸发或滴落下来。”威廉斯说,“它只会停留在你身上,直到汗滴变成一团足够大的粘糊糊的东西时,才会自行飘走。”
对于那些拖着沉重的步伐跑上心碎坡的世界顶级马拉松选手们来说,重力依然是一道难题。
但威廉斯也有她自己的难题。
在威廉斯奔跑的时候,由美国航空和航天局一位工程师开发的一种“震动隔离系统”将防止她的跑动对整个空间站造成震动,但这台机器也会给她的臀部和肩膀施加压力。
在正常情况下跑马拉松已经不容易了:根据希腊传说,第一个跑完马拉松全程的人在跑完后就猝死了。从那时起,数以千计的参赛者曾因体温过低、脱水、脚底起泡、骨折和突发心脏病而向途中的急救站和终点处医疗帐篷里的医务人员寻求帮助。
“系在她身上的绳子会束缚她的背部、肩膀或臀部。她的脚会因为绑在她臀部上的绳子的紧绷而发麻。”潘迪亚说,“她明白,她在跑完后,身体必须处于良好状态。前些天她提到,‘空间站里没有热水澡可洗。’”
小链接
地球上首位跑马拉松的人
公元前490年,希腊军队在马拉松平原与入侵的波斯军队展开激战。希腊军队大获全胜后,长跑运动员菲迪皮季斯奉命跑回雅典,把胜利的喜讯报告给雅典人民。菲迪皮季斯跑到雅典时气力已经耗尽,只喊了一声“我们胜利了!”就倒地死去,这便是人类历史上第一次“马拉松长跑”。
曾赴希腊考察的法国语言学家米歇尔·布里尔非常钦佩这位马拉松战役中的爱国战士,他建议在1896年第一届现代奥运会上增设一项以“马拉松”命名的长跑赛,以纪念这位可歌可泣的牺牲者。这个建议被欣然采纳。从此,马拉松比赛便风行于世界,而且一直作为奥运会的传统比赛项目。
Suni Williams is registered for April’s Boston Marathon, even though she’ll be stuck on the 1)International Space Station when the rest of the 2)field lines up for the 111th 3)edition of the race. So, the US Navy commander will run the equivalent distance on a 4)treadmill, 330 km above Earth, and 5)tethered to her track by 6)bungee cords, so she doesn’t float away.
Another 7)NASA astronaut, Karen Nyberg, will dodge the 8)potholes from 9)Hopkinton to Boston’s 10)Back Bay on April 16, 2007 along with Williams’ elder sister Dina Pandya and almost 24,000 other runners. Although the race starts at 10 am 11)EDT on Earth, Williams might not be able to run 12)contemporaneously because her sleep schedule—a fairly 13)arbitrary matter in space—is set for the arrival of a 14)Soyuz mission.
“I’m not sure if the start is scheduled for such time that she’d be awake,” Pandya said. “They’re going to be on Russian time, so they’re kind of sleep-shifting.”
Williams qualified for the Boston race by finishing last January’s 15)Houston Marathon in 3 hours, 29 minutes, 57 seconds. But on December 9, 2006 Williams took off on the 16)Space Shuttle Discovery and it became clear she wasn’t going to make it to the starting line.
“I considered it a huge honor to qualify, and I didn’t want my qualification to expire without giving it a shot,” Williams told the 17)Boston Athletic Association, which organizes the oldest of the world’s annual marathons.
The BAA offered to send an official 18)entrant’s 19)bib, and a special finisher’s medal made without lead, to the space station. But when the launch of the shuttle 20)Atlantis originally scheduled to take place in March was postponed, Williams had to be e-mailed a bib that she can print out; the other souvenirs will have to wait.
Race organizers have cooperated with 21)far-flung endeavours like the “Boston Marathon in Iraq.” But this is the first race they’ve ever had on a satellite.
“The Boston Marathon is the 22)pinnacle achievement for most runners,” BAA spokesman Jack Fleming said. “For Williams to choose to run the 26.2 miles in space on 23)Patriot’s Day is really a tribute to the thousands of marathoners who are running here on Earth. She is pioneering a new frontier in running and in sports with her run, which will truly be out of this world.”
Williams, 41, has run a handful of marathons, and she went through rigorous testing before being 24)blasted into orbit. But 3 months of little gravity 25)takes a toll on a human.
“In micro gravity, both of these things start to go away, because we don’t use our legs to walk around and don’t need the bones and muscles to hold us up under the force of gravity,” Williams told the BAA.
“One of the interesting things about sweating or 26)working out up here is that the stuff doesn’t evaporate off you or drop off you,” Williams said. “The water just sort of stays on you until it makes a big enough 27)glop that it kind of floats away.”
Gravity remains a problem for the world’s top marathoners as they 28)trudge up 29)Heartbreak Hill.
But Williams has her own problems.
A “30)vibration isolation system” built by a NASA engineer will keep her from shaking the entire space station as she runs, but the machinery puts a strain on the runner’s hips and shoulders.
Running a marathon is a strain under normal conditions: the first person who ran one, according to Greek legend, dropped dead when he finished. Since then, thousands of runners have sought refuge from on-course aid stations and finish line medical tents to be treated for 31)hypothermia, 32)dehydration, 33)blisters, broken bones and heart attacks.
“That 34)harness gets hard on her back and shoulders, or her hips. Her foot was going numb because the strap 35)squeezes her hip so much,” Pandya said. “She realises that she has to be OK (after she’s finished). She mentioned the other day, ‘There’s no hot bath.’”
尽管在其余的参赛者都准备好参加第111届波士顿马拉松比赛时,苏尼·威廉斯会呆在国际空间站里,但是她还是报了名参加今年4月的波士顿马拉松比赛。所以到正式比赛时,这位美国海军指挥官会在离地球330千米的高空的一台跑步机上跑相等的距离,届时她会被橡皮带限定在跑步机的轨道上,这样她的身体就不会漂浮起来。
另外一位美国宇航员卡伦·尼伯格会在2007年4月16日与威廉斯的姐姐迪娜·潘迪亚以及其他近24000名参赛者一起沿着高低不平的道路从霍普金顿跑到波士顿的后湾区。尽管地面上的比赛于美国东部时间上午10点开始,但是威廉斯有可能无法在太空上与地面选手同时奔跑。因为她在太空的作息时间是非常不固定的——依据迎接俄罗斯联盟号飞船的到来而制定。
“我不能肯定比赛开始的时间是否是她正醒着的时候,”潘迪亚说,“宇航员们会按俄罗斯时间作息,所以他们在某种程度上是轮流睡觉的。”
在去年1月的休斯顿马拉松比赛中,威廉斯取得了3小时29分57秒的成绩,从而获得了参加这次波士顿马拉松比赛的资格。可是在2006年12月9日,威廉斯乘“发现”号航天飞机升空之后,她意识到自己无法站在起跑线上了。
“我觉得获得参赛资格是一个极大的荣誉,我不想因为没有参赛而被取消资格。” 威廉斯对波士顿运动协会表示。该协会是波士顿马拉松比赛——这个世界上历史最悠久的年度马拉松比赛的主办者。
波士顿运动协会提出把一个正式的参赛号码挂牌和一枚为完成比赛的选手特别制作的不含铅的奖章寄到空间站。但原定于3月升空的“亚特兰蒂斯”号航天飞机推迟发射升空,因此,威廉斯在空间站只能通过电子邮件收到一张比赛号码挂牌的图片,然后自行打印出来。而其他的纪念品就只能推迟拿到了。
这项比赛的主办者曾与其他机构合作举办过远距离的“在伊拉克参加波士顿马拉松赛”的活动。不过,这次可是他们首次在太空进行马拉松比赛。
“参加波士顿马拉松比赛对大多数选手来说是一项达到顶峰的成就。”波士顿运动协会发言人杰克·弗莱明表示,“威廉斯选择在爱国节这天在太空跑26.2英里(约等于42千米),这真是对地面数以千计的参赛者致以敬意。这一举动将使她在赛跑和体育方面开拓出一片新领域,确实是人类的一大壮举。”
今年41岁的威廉斯已经参加过数次马拉松比赛,而且她在被送入太空轨道之前已经通过了严格的体能测试。但是,3个月在极小重力作用下的生活会对人的身体产生严重的负面影响。
“在极小的重力作用下,人的骨骼会开始变得疏松,肌肉会萎缩,因为在太空我们不需要用腿走路,也不需要骨骼和肌肉在重力作用下支撑身体。”威廉斯告诉波士顿运动协会。
“在这里出汗,或者锻炼身体有一件有趣的事,就是汗水不会从你身上蒸发或滴落下来。”威廉斯说,“它只会停留在你身上,直到汗滴变成一团足够大的粘糊糊的东西时,才会自行飘走。”
对于那些拖着沉重的步伐跑上心碎坡的世界顶级马拉松选手们来说,重力依然是一道难题。
但威廉斯也有她自己的难题。
在威廉斯奔跑的时候,由美国航空和航天局一位工程师开发的一种“震动隔离系统”将防止她的跑动对整个空间站造成震动,但这台机器也会给她的臀部和肩膀施加压力。
在正常情况下跑马拉松已经不容易了:根据希腊传说,第一个跑完马拉松全程的人在跑完后就猝死了。从那时起,数以千计的参赛者曾因体温过低、脱水、脚底起泡、骨折和突发心脏病而向途中的急救站和终点处医疗帐篷里的医务人员寻求帮助。
“系在她身上的绳子会束缚她的背部、肩膀或臀部。她的脚会因为绑在她臀部上的绳子的紧绷而发麻。”潘迪亚说,“她明白,她在跑完后,身体必须处于良好状态。前些天她提到,‘空间站里没有热水澡可洗。’”
小资料
波士顿马拉松赛(Boston Marathon)开始于1897年4月19日,之后每年逢爱国节举行一次,从未间断过,今年已经举办到第111届。它是世界最著名、历史最悠久的马拉松赛之一,也是全球首个城市马拉松比赛,由波士顿运动协会主办。比赛起点站设在美国马萨诸塞州霍普金顿(Hopkinton),终点站在波士顿后湾区(Back Bay),全程距离约42千米。
作为一项古老而享有声望的比赛,波士顿马拉松赛一直对选手的参赛资格有着严格的限制,例如限制选手的性别等。1972年它首次正式准许女运动员参加比赛。虽然有多种限制,但这并没有阻止人们前去尝试,世界优秀运动员都以在这个赛事中夺冠为荣。
在1986年以前,波士顿马拉松赛一直沿用古希腊的方式,对优胜者的奖励只有头戴橄榄叶编成的花冠,颁发奖杯,但没有奖金。20世纪80年代,它开始颁发由大公司赞助的现金奖励。
1961年4月12日,前苏联航天员加加林乘坐“东方-1”号宇宙飞船绕地球飞行1圈,历时108分钟,成为首位进入太空的人。
1965年3月18日,前苏联发射“上升-2”号飞船,航天员阿列克谢·列昂诺夫完成了人类的首次太空行走。
2007年4月16日,美国女宇航员苏尼·威廉斯在国际空间站的一台跑步机上同步参加波士顿马拉松赛,并以4小时23分46秒跑完全程,成为世界上第一个在太空跑马拉松的人。
从第一次进入太空到第一次太空马拉松长跑,我们可以看到,带着对苍茫宇宙的向往,人类一直在凭借智慧和勇气一步一步拉近自己与太空的距离。苏尼·威廉斯勇于挑战太空马拉松的壮举让我们再次有理由相信:不久的将来,人类与太空的接触会更加频繁而亲密!
Suni Williams is registered for April’s Boston Marathon, even though she’ll be stuck on the 1)International Space Station when the rest of the 2)field lines up for the 111th 3)edition of the race. So, the US Navy commander will run the equivalent distance on a 4)treadmill, 330 km above Earth, and 5)tethered to her track by 6)bungee cords, so she doesn’t float away.
Another 7)NASA astronaut, Karen Nyberg, will dodge the 8)potholes from 9)Hopkinton to Boston’s 10)Back Bay on April 16, 2007 along with Williams’ elder sister Dina Pandya and almost 24,000 other runners. Although the race starts at 10 am 11)EDT on Earth, Williams might not be able to run 12)contemporaneously because her sleep schedule—a fairly 13)arbitrary matter in space—is set for the arrival of a 14)Soyuz mission.
“I’m not sure if the start is scheduled for such time that she’d be awake,” Pandya said. “They’re going to be on Russian time, so they’re kind of sleep-shifting.”
Williams qualified for the Boston race by finishing last January’s 15)Houston Marathon in 3 hours, 29 minutes, 57 seconds. But on December 9, 2006 Williams took off on the 16)Space Shuttle Discovery and it became clear she wasn’t going to make it to the starting line.
“I considered it a huge honor to qualify, and I didn’t want my qualification to expire without giving it a shot,” Williams told the 17)Boston Athletic Association, which organizes the oldest of the world’s annual marathons.
The BAA offered to send an official 18)entrant’s 19)bib, and a special finisher’s medal made without lead, to the space station. But when the launch of the shuttle 20)Atlantis originally scheduled to take place in March was postponed, Williams had to be e-mailed a bib that she can print out; the other souvenirs will have to wait.
Race organizers have cooperated with 21)far-flung endeavours like the “Boston Marathon in Iraq.” But this is the first race they’ve ever had on a satellite.
“The Boston Marathon is the 22)pinnacle achievement for most runners,” BAA spokesman Jack Fleming said. “For Williams to choose to run the 26.2 miles in space on 23)Patriot’s Day is really a tribute to the thousands of marathoners who are running here on Earth. She is pioneering a new frontier in running and in sports with her run, which will truly be out of this world.”
Williams, 41, has run a handful of marathons, and she went through rigorous testing before being 24)blasted into orbit. But 3 months of little gravity 25)takes a toll on a human.
“In micro gravity, both of these things start to go away, because we don’t use our legs to walk around and don’t need the bones and muscles to hold us up under the force of gravity,” Williams told the BAA.
“One of the interesting things about sweating or 26)working out up here is that the stuff doesn’t evaporate off you or drop off you,” Williams said. “The water just sort of stays on you until it makes a big enough 27)glop that it kind of floats away.”
Gravity remains a problem for the world’s top marathoners as they 28)trudge up 29)Heartbreak Hill.
But Williams has her own problems.
A “30)vibration isolation system” built by a NASA engineer will keep her from shaking the entire space station as she runs, but the machinery puts a strain on the runner’s hips and shoulders.
Running a marathon is a strain under normal conditions: the first person who ran one, according to Greek legend, dropped dead when he finished. Since then, thousands of runners have sought refuge from on-course aid stations and finish line medical tents to be treated for 31)hypothermia, 32)dehydration, 33)blisters, broken bones and heart attacks.
“That 34)harness gets hard on her back and shoulders, or her hips. Her foot was going numb because the strap 35)squeezes her hip so much,” Pandya said. “She realises that she has to be OK (after she’s finished). She mentioned the other day, ‘There’s no hot bath.’”
尽管在其余的参赛者都准备好参加第111届波士顿马拉松比赛时,苏尼·威廉斯会呆在国际空间站里,但是她还是报了名参加今年4月的波士顿马拉松比赛。所以到正式比赛时,这位美国海军指挥官会在离地球330千米的高空的一台跑步机上跑相等的距离,届时她会被橡皮带限定在跑步机的轨道上,这样她的身体就不会漂浮起来。
另外一位美国宇航员卡伦·尼伯格会在2007年4月16日与威廉斯的姐姐迪娜·潘迪亚以及其他近24000名参赛者一起沿着高低不平的道路从霍普金顿跑到波士顿的后湾区。尽管地面上的比赛于美国东部时间上午10点开始,但是威廉斯有可能无法在太空上与地面选手同时奔跑。因为她在太空的作息时间是非常不固定的——依据迎接俄罗斯联盟号飞船的到来而制定。
“我不能肯定比赛开始的时间是否是她正醒着的时候,”潘迪亚说,“宇航员们会按俄罗斯时间作息,所以他们在某种程度上是轮流睡觉的。”
在去年1月的休斯顿马拉松比赛中,威廉斯取得了3小时29分57秒的成绩,从而获得了参加这次波士顿马拉松比赛的资格。可是在2006年12月9日,威廉斯乘“发现”号航天飞机升空之后,她意识到自己无法站在起跑线上了。
“我觉得获得参赛资格是一个极大的荣誉,我不想因为没有参赛而被取消资格。” 威廉斯对波士顿运动协会表示。该协会是波士顿马拉松比赛——这个世界上历史最悠久的年度马拉松比赛的主办者。
波士顿运动协会提出把一个正式的参赛号码挂牌和一枚为完成比赛的选手特别制作的不含铅的奖章寄到空间站。但原定于3月升空的“亚特兰蒂斯”号航天飞机推迟发射升空,因此,威廉斯在空间站只能通过电子邮件收到一张比赛号码挂牌的图片,然后自行打印出来。而其他的纪念品就只能推迟拿到了。
这项比赛的主办者曾与其他机构合作举办过远距离的“在伊拉克参加波士顿马拉松赛”的活动。不过,这次可是他们首次在太空进行马拉松比赛。
“参加波士顿马拉松比赛对大多数选手来说是一项达到顶峰的成就。”波士顿运动协会发言人杰克·弗莱明表示,“威廉斯选择在爱国节这天在太空跑26.2英里(约等于42千米),这真是对地面数以千计的参赛者致以敬意。这一举动将使她在赛跑和体育方面开拓出一片新领域,确实是人类的一大壮举。”
今年41岁的威廉斯已经参加过数次马拉松比赛,而且她在被送入太空轨道之前已经通过了严格的体能测试。但是,3个月在极小重力作用下的生活会对人的身体产生严重的负面影响。
“在极小的重力作用下,人的骨骼会开始变得疏松,肌肉会萎缩,因为在太空我们不需要用腿走路,也不需要骨骼和肌肉在重力作用下支撑身体。”威廉斯告诉波士顿运动协会。
“在这里出汗,或者锻炼身体有一件有趣的事,就是汗水不会从你身上蒸发或滴落下来。”威廉斯说,“它只会停留在你身上,直到汗滴变成一团足够大的粘糊糊的东西时,才会自行飘走。”
对于那些拖着沉重的步伐跑上心碎坡的世界顶级马拉松选手们来说,重力依然是一道难题。
但威廉斯也有她自己的难题。
在威廉斯奔跑的时候,由美国航空和航天局一位工程师开发的一种“震动隔离系统”将防止她的跑动对整个空间站造成震动,但这台机器也会给她的臀部和肩膀施加压力。
在正常情况下跑马拉松已经不容易了:根据希腊传说,第一个跑完马拉松全程的人在跑完后就猝死了。从那时起,数以千计的参赛者曾因体温过低、脱水、脚底起泡、骨折和突发心脏病而向途中的急救站和终点处医疗帐篷里的医务人员寻求帮助。
“系在她身上的绳子会束缚她的背部、肩膀或臀部。她的脚会因为绑在她臀部上的绳子的紧绷而发麻。”潘迪亚说,“她明白,她在跑完后,身体必须处于良好状态。前些天她提到,‘空间站里没有热水澡可洗。’”
小链接
地球上首位跑马拉松的人
公元前490年,希腊军队在马拉松平原与入侵的波斯军队展开激战。希腊军队大获全胜后,长跑运动员菲迪皮季斯奉命跑回雅典,把胜利的喜讯报告给雅典人民。菲迪皮季斯跑到雅典时气力已经耗尽,只喊了一声“我们胜利了!”就倒地死去,这便是人类历史上第一次“马拉松长跑”。
曾赴希腊考察的法国语言学家米歇尔·布里尔非常钦佩这位马拉松战役中的爱国战士,他建议在1896年第一届现代奥运会上增设一项以“马拉松”命名的长跑赛,以纪念这位可歌可泣的牺牲者。这个建议被欣然采纳。从此,马拉松比赛便风行于世界,而且一直作为奥运会的传统比赛项目。
Suni Williams is registered for April’s Boston Marathon, even though she’ll be stuck on the 1)International Space Station when the rest of the 2)field lines up for the 111th 3)edition of the race. So, the US Navy commander will run the equivalent distance on a 4)treadmill, 330 km above Earth, and 5)tethered to her track by 6)bungee cords, so she doesn’t float away.
Another 7)NASA astronaut, Karen Nyberg, will dodge the 8)potholes from 9)Hopkinton to Boston’s 10)Back Bay on April 16, 2007 along with Williams’ elder sister Dina Pandya and almost 24,000 other runners. Although the race starts at 10 am 11)EDT on Earth, Williams might not be able to run 12)contemporaneously because her sleep schedule—a fairly 13)arbitrary matter in space—is set for the arrival of a 14)Soyuz mission.
“I’m not sure if the start is scheduled for such time that she’d be awake,” Pandya said. “They’re going to be on Russian time, so they’re kind of sleep-shifting.”
Williams qualified for the Boston race by finishing last January’s 15)Houston Marathon in 3 hours, 29 minutes, 57 seconds. But on December 9, 2006 Williams took off on the 16)Space Shuttle Discovery and it became clear she wasn’t going to make it to the starting line.
“I considered it a huge honor to qualify, and I didn’t want my qualification to expire without giving it a shot,” Williams told the 17)Boston Athletic Association, which organizes the oldest of the world’s annual marathons.
The BAA offered to send an official 18)entrant’s 19)bib, and a special finisher’s medal made without lead, to the space station. But when the launch of the shuttle 20)Atlantis originally scheduled to take place in March was postponed, Williams had to be e-mailed a bib that she can print out; the other souvenirs will have to wait.
Race organizers have cooperated with 21)far-flung endeavours like the “Boston Marathon in Iraq.” But this is the first race they’ve ever had on a satellite.
“The Boston Marathon is the 22)pinnacle achievement for most runners,” BAA spokesman Jack Fleming said. “For Williams to choose to run the 26.2 miles in space on 23)Patriot’s Day is really a tribute to the thousands of marathoners who are running here on Earth. She is pioneering a new frontier in running and in sports with her run, which will truly be out of this world.”
Williams, 41, has run a handful of marathons, and she went through rigorous testing before being 24)blasted into orbit. But 3 months of little gravity 25)takes a toll on a human.
“In micro gravity, both of these things start to go away, because we don’t use our legs to walk around and don’t need the bones and muscles to hold us up under the force of gravity,” Williams told the BAA.
“One of the interesting things about sweating or 26)working out up here is that the stuff doesn’t evaporate off you or drop off you,” Williams said. “The water just sort of stays on you until it makes a big enough 27)glop that it kind of floats away.”
Gravity remains a problem for the world’s top marathoners as they 28)trudge up 29)Heartbreak Hill.
But Williams has her own problems.
A “30)vibration isolation system” built by a NASA engineer will keep her from shaking the entire space station as she runs, but the machinery puts a strain on the runner’s hips and shoulders.
Running a marathon is a strain under normal conditions: the first person who ran one, according to Greek legend, dropped dead when he finished. Since then, thousands of runners have sought refuge from on-course aid stations and finish line medical tents to be treated for 31)hypothermia, 32)dehydration, 33)blisters, broken bones and heart attacks.
“That 34)harness gets hard on her back and shoulders, or her hips. Her foot was going numb because the strap 35)squeezes her hip so much,” Pandya said. “She realises that she has to be OK (after she’s finished). She mentioned the other day, ‘There’s no hot bath.’”
尽管在其余的参赛者都准备好参加第111届波士顿马拉松比赛时,苏尼·威廉斯会呆在国际空间站里,但是她还是报了名参加今年4月的波士顿马拉松比赛。所以到正式比赛时,这位美国海军指挥官会在离地球330千米的高空的一台跑步机上跑相等的距离,届时她会被橡皮带限定在跑步机的轨道上,这样她的身体就不会漂浮起来。
另外一位美国宇航员卡伦·尼伯格会在2007年4月16日与威廉斯的姐姐迪娜·潘迪亚以及其他近24000名参赛者一起沿着高低不平的道路从霍普金顿跑到波士顿的后湾区。尽管地面上的比赛于美国东部时间上午10点开始,但是威廉斯有可能无法在太空上与地面选手同时奔跑。因为她在太空的作息时间是非常不固定的——依据迎接俄罗斯联盟号飞船的到来而制定。
“我不能肯定比赛开始的时间是否是她正醒着的时候,”潘迪亚说,“宇航员们会按俄罗斯时间作息,所以他们在某种程度上是轮流睡觉的。”
在去年1月的休斯顿马拉松比赛中,威廉斯取得了3小时29分57秒的成绩,从而获得了参加这次波士顿马拉松比赛的资格。可是在2006年12月9日,威廉斯乘“发现”号航天飞机升空之后,她意识到自己无法站在起跑线上了。
“我觉得获得参赛资格是一个极大的荣誉,我不想因为没有参赛而被取消资格。” 威廉斯对波士顿运动协会表示。该协会是波士顿马拉松比赛——这个世界上历史最悠久的年度马拉松比赛的主办者。
波士顿运动协会提出把一个正式的参赛号码挂牌和一枚为完成比赛的选手特别制作的不含铅的奖章寄到空间站。但原定于3月升空的“亚特兰蒂斯”号航天飞机推迟发射升空,因此,威廉斯在空间站只能通过电子邮件收到一张比赛号码挂牌的图片,然后自行打印出来。而其他的纪念品就只能推迟拿到了。
这项比赛的主办者曾与其他机构合作举办过远距离的“在伊拉克参加波士顿马拉松赛”的活动。不过,这次可是他们首次在太空进行马拉松比赛。
“参加波士顿马拉松比赛对大多数选手来说是一项达到顶峰的成就。”波士顿运动协会发言人杰克·弗莱明表示,“威廉斯选择在爱国节这天在太空跑26.2英里(约等于42千米),这真是对地面数以千计的参赛者致以敬意。这一举动将使她在赛跑和体育方面开拓出一片新领域,确实是人类的一大壮举。”
今年41岁的威廉斯已经参加过数次马拉松比赛,而且她在被送入太空轨道之前已经通过了严格的体能测试。但是,3个月在极小重力作用下的生活会对人的身体产生严重的负面影响。
“在极小的重力作用下,人的骨骼会开始变得疏松,肌肉会萎缩,因为在太空我们不需要用腿走路,也不需要骨骼和肌肉在重力作用下支撑身体。”威廉斯告诉波士顿运动协会。
“在这里出汗,或者锻炼身体有一件有趣的事,就是汗水不会从你身上蒸发或滴落下来。”威廉斯说,“它只会停留在你身上,直到汗滴变成一团足够大的粘糊糊的东西时,才会自行飘走。”
对于那些拖着沉重的步伐跑上心碎坡的世界顶级马拉松选手们来说,重力依然是一道难题。
但威廉斯也有她自己的难题。
在威廉斯奔跑的时候,由美国航空和航天局一位工程师开发的一种“震动隔离系统”将防止她的跑动对整个空间站造成震动,但这台机器也会给她的臀部和肩膀施加压力。
在正常情况下跑马拉松已经不容易了:根据希腊传说,第一个跑完马拉松全程的人在跑完后就猝死了。从那时起,数以千计的参赛者曾因体温过低、脱水、脚底起泡、骨折和突发心脏病而向途中的急救站和终点处医疗帐篷里的医务人员寻求帮助。
“系在她身上的绳子会束缚她的背部、肩膀或臀部。她的脚会因为绑在她臀部上的绳子的紧绷而发麻。”潘迪亚说,“她明白,她在跑完后,身体必须处于良好状态。前些天她提到,‘空间站里没有热水澡可洗。’”
小资料
波士顿马拉松赛(Boston Marathon)开始于1897年4月19日,之后每年逢爱国节举行一次,从未间断过,今年已经举办到第111届。它是世界最著名、历史最悠久的马拉松赛之一,也是全球首个城市马拉松比赛,由波士顿运动协会主办。比赛起点站设在美国马萨诸塞州霍普金顿(Hopkinton),终点站在波士顿后湾区(Back Bay),全程距离约42千米。
作为一项古老而享有声望的比赛,波士顿马拉松赛一直对选手的参赛资格有着严格的限制,例如限制选手的性别等。1972年它首次正式准许女运动员参加比赛。虽然有多种限制,但这并没有阻止人们前去尝试,世界优秀运动员都以在这个赛事中夺冠为荣。
在1986年以前,波士顿马拉松赛一直沿用古希腊的方式,对优胜者的奖励只有头戴橄榄叶编成的花冠,颁发奖杯,但没有奖金。20世纪80年代,它开始颁发由大公司赞助的现金奖励。