“五音”是中国古代最早的文字记谱体系,而“四声”是魏晋南北朝时期提出的汉语字音的声调系统,两者似乎没有关联。但本文通过研究,认为在“四声”被提出之前,“五音”兼具记录古文字字音的功能。它作为一套比较成熟的音高体系,具有与“四声”音调体系不同的记音方法,这一现象不仅反映了中国古人注音的独特思维,更是汉字与音乐固有关联的体现。 “Wuyin ” is the earliest written record system in ancient China, and “four syllables ” is the tone system of Chinese pronunciation proposed by Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. There seems to be no correlation between the two. However, this study shows that “pentatonic ” has the function of recording phonetic characters of ancient Chinese characters before the “quadruple” was proposed. As a relatively mature pitch system, it has a different phonetic transcription method from the “four-syllable” tonal system. This phenomenon not only reflects the unique thinking of Chinese ancients phonetic, but also reflects the inherent relationship between Chinese characters and music.