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三峡电站厂房蜗壳外围混凝土结构由于其几何形态的奇异而成为三峡电站厂房结构中最复杂的结构之一。蜗壳外围混凝土结构在水电站中既是水轮发电机和钢蜗壳的支承体,也是主厂房上部结构的基础。在该结构设计中既要充分发挥钢蜗壳的承载能力,又要满足机组的安全稳定运行以及蜗壳外围混凝土结构的安全;并且还应该具有施工方法较简便、施工质量容易保证、工期较短等综合效益。因此在三峡水利枢纽工程单项技术设计阶段,长江水利委员会推荐的是电站厂房蜗壳采用敷设软垫层后浇筑外围混凝土的蜗壳埋入方案(简称垫层方案)。但由于像三峡电站这种单机容量700MW的巨型水电站在国内外尚无采用垫层方案的工程实例,因而在三峡工程单项技术设计审查阶段是有争议的。目前三峡电站左岸厂房采用的是保压浇筑蜗壳外围混凝土的方案,但是垫层方案以其混凝土结构承担内水压力小、施工方便、工期短、造价低等优点,在三峡电站建设中是保压浇筑蜗壳外围混凝土方案所难以替代的。因此对于垫层方案应该在单项技术设计的基础上做更进一步的研究。
Due to its strange geometry, the concrete structure around the volute of the Three Gorges Power Station has become one of the most complex structures in the powerhouse structure of the Three Gorges Power Station. The outer concrete structure of the volute is not only the supporting body of hydro-generator and steel volute in the hydropower station, but also the foundation of the superstructure of the main plant. In the structural design, it is necessary to give full play to the bearing capacity of the steel volute, but also to meet the safety and stability of the unit and the safety of concrete structures around the volute; and also should have the construction method is relatively simple, the construction quality is easy to ensure, the construction period is short Comprehensive benefits. Therefore, at the stage of single technology design of the Three Gorges Project, recommended by the Yangtze River Water Conservancy Commission is the volute embedding scheme (hereinafter referred to as the cushion scheme) in which the volute of the power plant building is laid with the external cushion after laying the cushion. However, as the huge hydropower station with a capacity of 700MW, such as the Three Gorges Hydropower Station, has not yet had a case study of cushioning scheme at home and abroad, it is controversial during the stage of examination of the individual technical design of the Three Gorges Project. At present, the left bank of Three Gorges Power Station adopts the scheme of pressure-retaining and pouring the concrete around the volute’s outer shell. However, the cushion scheme takes its concrete structure to bear the problems of small internal water pressure, convenient construction, short construction period and low cost. It is hard to replace the pressure concrete plan of pouring volute. So for the cushion program should be based on a single technical design to do more research.