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本文对湖南省泸溪县梁家潭乡话的人称代词进行研究,重点关注并试图解释以下几种现象:一、第一、三人称代词单数复数同形现象。文章通过对单复数同形的用法、并存的多种单复数形式、同形现象的发展趋势等问题的考察,认为主语、宾语以及领属结构一般名词前第一人称的单复数同形,是复数形式单数化,还是类似上古汉语的单数兼表复数,尚需进一步探讨;而第三人称的单复数同形,更宜看作单数兼表复数。二、领属结构中人称代词复数形式单数化。文章考察了领属结构中亲属称谓及集体单位名词前的复数形式单数化现象,认为领属语位置的复数形式单数化与核心名词的私有化或公有化程度、领有者和领有对象之间的亲密程度等有关系,提出了梁家潭乡话领属语复数形式单数化其核心名词的等级序列:集体、单位(“家”除外)>亲属称谓、“家”>一般称谓、一般名词。三、第三人称代词复数与旁称采用同一形式。这两种代词关系密切,出现同形容易理解,但是两者的历时演变关系值得进一步探讨。
This paper studies the personal pronouns of Liangjiatan dialect in Luxi County, Hunan Province, focusing on and trying to explain the following phenomena: First, the first and the third pronoun singular and plural homogeneity phenomenon. By examining the usage of singular and plural homomorphisms, the multiple singular and plural forms of coexistence, the development trend of homoomorphic phenomena and so on, the author thinks that the singular and plural forms of the first person before the subject, the object and the generic nouns of the subordinate structure are plural singular, Or similar to the ancient Chinese singular and tabu number, still need to be further explored; and the third person singular and plural isomorphic, more appropriate as a singular and tabular plural. Second, the personal structure of the personal pronoun plural form singular. The article examines the singular form of kinship terms and collective unit nouns in the genus structure and concludes that the singular pluralization of the linguistic position and the degree of privatization or public ownership of the core nouns, Degree of intimacy and so on, put forward the grade sequence of the core nouns of the plural form of the plural linguistic form of the Linguistic local language in LiangJiaTan: collective, unit (except for “family ”)> kinship terms, “home”> general terms, general nouns . Third, the third person pronoun plural and side by side using the same form. The two pronouns are closely related and appear to be easily understood, but the evolution between the two is worth further exploration.