士本来是周朝贵族体系中的最底层,然而随着社会阶层的流动,士的数量大大增加,底层贵族和平民之间的界限被打破。在春秋时期,士完成了从底层贵族到四民之首这种身份的转变,成为四民之首。士虽然失去了贵族身份,但在春秋战国这个特定的历史条件下,凭借自身拥有的知识和能力,却有“仕士”与“处士”等多种人生道路可以选择,而多样化的人生道路选择和多样的生存形态直接促成先秦士人多样化的文化品格,进而影响了中国士文化的形态。 The natives were originally the lowest in the aristocracy of the Zhou Dynasty, but as the flow of social classes and professors greatly increased, the line between the aristocracy and the civilian population was broken. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Shi completed the change of status from the lowest aristocracy to the first of the four peoples and became the first of the four peoples. Although he lost his aristocratic status, he can choose from a variety of life paths such as “Shi Shi” and “Shi Shi” under the specific historical conditions of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, with his own knowledge and ability. The path of life and diversified life forms directly contributed to the diversified cultural qualities of scholars of the Qin dynasty, which in turn affected the form of Chinese culture.