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18Ni马氏体时效钢具有较高的强度和韧性,本文用X-射线衍射法测定了时效过程中亚结构,逆转变奥氏体和点阵参数变化规律,指出,合金经低于520℃不同温度三小时时效处理后,合金基体马氏体具有精细亚结构的稳定性;逆转变奥氏体在～480℃弥散析出,它的产生和消失伴随着亚结构的长大与细化。用这些结构参数解释了力学性能变化的规律性,并为合金正规热处理和软化冷加工处理制度的选择提供了参考依据。
18Ni martensitic steel has high strength and toughness. In this paper, the variation of sub-structure, retrograde austenite and lattice parameters in aging process was measured by X-ray diffraction. After three hours aging treatment, the matrix martensite possesses the fine sub-structure stability. The reverse transformation austenite disperses and precipitates at ~ 480 ℃, and its formation and disappearance are accompanied by the growth and refinement of the sub-structure. These structural parameters are used to explain the regularity of the change of mechanical properties and provide a reference for the selection of formal alloy heat treatment and softening cold working systems.