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文中基于西北地区甘宁蒙三省区213个农户的种植生产调查资料,通过气候生产力模型中的Miami模型估算调研地区考虑区域气候差异的作物需水量,对采用覆膜滴灌、滴灌、喷灌、地下管灌、覆膜漫灌及不覆膜漫灌方式种植春玉米、向日葵的节水效果和用水效率进行分析。研究结果表明:调研地区不同灌溉方式下春玉米、向日葵的节水效果和用水效率差异较大,均呈由覆膜滴灌,滴灌,喷灌,覆膜漫灌,到地下管灌及不覆膜漫灌递减的趋势。高效节水灌溉技术具有高效用水和高产值的“双高”特点,而传统漫灌方式在节水和增效方面具有潜在的提升空间。最后围绕农田灌溉节水与农民增收的“双赢”目标,提出加强高效节水灌溉技术配套设施建设、倡导农业适度规模经营、选择高效节水型作物及进一步完善水权及水市场制度等政策建议。
Based on the survey data of 213 farmer households in Gansu, Ningxia and Ningxia provinces in the northwestern region, the demand of crop considering the regional climate differences was estimated by the Miami model in the climate productivity model, and the effects of drip irrigation, drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, Irrigation, Mulch and Non-Mulch Diffusion planting spring corn, sunflower water-saving effect and water use efficiency analysis. The results showed that the water saving efficiency and water use efficiency of spring maize and sunflower under different irrigation methods in the survey area differed greatly, all of which were caused by drip irrigation, drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, flood irrigation, underground pipe irrigation and mulching without irrigation the trend of. Efficient water-saving irrigation technology has the characteristics of high water consumption and high output value, while the traditional irrigation method has the potential to increase water saving and efficiency. Finally, we will focus on the “win-win” goal of irrigating farmland and increasing peasants’ income. We will propose to strengthen the construction of supporting facilities for efficient water-saving irrigation technology, advocate moderate scale operation of agriculture, choose efficient water-saving crops and further improve the water rights and water market system policy suggestion.