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胰岛素合成和分泌受多种因素的调节,葡萄糖是最重要的调节物质,它诱导胰岛B细胞合成和分泌胰岛素有多条信号途径,但主要是通过ATP敏感钾通道途径和第2信使途径使胰岛B细胞内的钙离子、环磷酸腺苷、三磷酸肌醇、蛋白激酶A、蛋白激酶C、一氧化氮等物质含量增加,从而诱导胰岛素的分泌。葡萄糖在3个水平调节胰岛素基因表达:增加转录、稳定mRNA和增加翻译。机体内胰岛素合成、贮存和分泌是相互联系的统一过程。
Insulin synthesis and secretion are regulated by a variety of factors. Glucose is the most important regulatory substance. It induces multiple signaling pathways in pancreatic B cells to synthesize and secrete insulin, but mainly through the ATP-sensitive potassium channel and the second messenger pathway B cells in the calcium, cAMP, inositol triphosphate, protein kinase A, protein kinase C, nitric oxide and other substances increased, thereby inducing insulin secretion. Glucose regulates insulin gene expression at three levels: increasing transcription, stabilizing mRNA, and increasing translation. The body’s insulin synthesis, storage and secretion are interrelated processes.