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目的分析2010-2015年无锡市水痘疫情流行病学特点,为防控措施的制定提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法分析国家疾病监测信息报告管理系统中的水痘个案病例数据及突发公共卫生事件报告管理信息系统的水痘暴发疫情数据。结果 2011-2015年无锡市共报告水痘病例16 656例,年平均发病率为51.44/10万,无死亡病例。发病明显呈双峰分布,每年3-5月及11月至次年1月为发病高峰期。男性多于女性,男女性别比为1.27∶1,病例主要集中于20岁以下年龄组,以学生、托幼儿童和散居儿童为主。全市8个辖区均有病例报告,发病率居前3位的是惠山区、锡山区、北塘区。水痘暴发疫情共28起,均发生在学校,其中小学占暴发疫情总数的57.14%。事件报告时间中位数为18.65 d,疫情持续时间中位数为35.31 d。事件报告时间与疫情持续时间呈正相关(r=0.579,P<0.05)。结论水痘发病具有明显的季节性,儿童及青少年为高发人群,小学是水痘暴发疫情高发场所。提高学校水痘的监测敏感性,在易感人群开展预防接种,早发现、早报告、早处置可有效控制水痘疫情。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of chickenpox in Wuxi from 2010 to 2015 and provide a scientific basis for the development of prevention and control measures. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze case variances in the national disease surveillance information reporting management system and data on the outbreaks of chickenpox in the public health emergency reporting management information system. Results A total of 16 656 cases of chickenpox were reported in Wuxi from 2011 to 2015, with an average annual incidence of 51.44 / 100 000 without any deaths. The incidence was significantly bimodal distribution, every year from March to May and November to January next year as the peak incidence. There were more males than females, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.27: 1. The majority of cases were concentrated in the age group of under 20, with students, kindergartens and diaspora mainly. The city’s eight jurisdictions have case reports, the incidence of the top three is the Huishan District, Xishan District, Beitang District. A total of 28 outbreaks of chickenpox occurred in schools, accounting for 57.14% of the total outbreaks. The median time of incident reporting was 18.65 days and the median duration of outbreak was 35.31 days. There was a positive correlation between the reporting time and the duration of the outbreak (r = 0.579, P <0.05). Conclusions The incidence of chickenpox is obviously seasonal. Children and adolescents are the high incidence population. Primary school is the high incidence of chickenpox outbreaks. Improve the sensitivity of school chickenpox surveillance, vaccination in susceptible populations, early detection, early reporting, early disposal can effectively control the epidemic of chickenpox.