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《文心雕龙》之所以能够建立一个体系严整、完美瑰丽的文学理论殿堂,究其根本是由于刘勰采用了以佛道儒玄综合意识为基础的思想方法,此方法的核心成果就是“道—圣—文”统一体:“道”是统帅,至高无上,有无限容量,又有自然而然的意思,有相当的灵活性;“圣”是统一体的中介,儒家思想通过“圣”成为“道”的主导内容,并与“文”结合在一起;“文”是“道”、“圣”的产物,是刘勰研究的主要对象。这个统一体较全面地解决了文学与儒家思想的关系问题,既保证了文学的独立地位,又注重了文学的社会作用,显示了刘勰全面考虑问题、顾及事物各个方面的“唯务折衷”思想方法的威力。同时,刘勰在平衡各方面关系的过程中努力建构的这一完整体系,既是一个富于思辨的体系,又是一个有深刻内在矛盾的体系。由于儒家思想对于文学的消极作用,使刘勰的文学思想受到很大局限,从而带有保守性。
The reason why “Wen Xin Diao Long” can establish a systematic and perfect palace of literary theory is mainly due to Liu Yong’s method of thinking based on the comprehensive consciousness of Buddhism and Taoism. The core result of this method is “ Road - Saint - text ”Unity: “ Road ”is the commander in chief, supreme, unlimited capacity, but also the natural meaning, there is considerable flexibility; “ Saint ”is an intermediary of unity, Confucianism through “Sheng ” is the main content of “Tao ” and is combined with “Wen ”; “Wen ” is the product of “Tao The main object. This unity solves the problem of the relationship between literature and Confucianism in a comprehensive way, which not only guarantees the independent status of literature but also pays more attention to the social role of literature. It shows that Liu 勰 fully considered the issue and took all aspects of things into account. ”The power of thought and method. In the meantime, Liu Xie’s complete system, which he struggled to build in the process of balancing various aspects of relations, is not only a system of speculation but also a system of profound internal contradictions. Due to the negative effect of Confucianism on literature, Liu Yong’s literary thoughts are greatly limited and therefore conservative.