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第二次世界大战后至20世纪70年代初,美国的国际收支经历了由顺差到微量逆差,继而发展为恶性逆差的过程。冷战使美国的国际收支问题成为复杂的国际政治经济问题。为了确保美国经济持续繁荣,美国政府从内政、外交两方面对国际收支进行调节,如通过对外经济援助、加强国际贸易合作、鼓励对外投资等途径降低顺差,通过与盟国谈判达成防务责任和对发展中国家援助责任分担,通过自愿或强制性限制投资等途径降低逆差。这些政策的实施在一定程度上促进了美国国际收支失衡问题的解决。
After the Second World War and early 1970s, the U.S. balance of payments experienced a process from favorable surpluses to slight deficits, and then into a vicious deficit. The Cold War has made the U.S. balance of payments issue a complicated issue of international political economy. In order to ensure that the U.S. economy continues to prosper, the U.S. government regulates the balance of payments from the perspective of both domestic and foreign affairs. For example, it reduces foreign trade through cooperation with foreign countries, strengthens cooperation in international trade, encourages foreign investment and other means to reduce the surplus, negotiates with the allies to achieve defensive responsibilities, and Developing countries share responsibility for aid and reduce their deficits through voluntary or mandatory investment restrictions. To some extent, the implementation of these policies has promoted the settlement of the imbalance in the U.S. balance of payments.