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enough在初中英语教学中既是重点又是难点,词性多,用法复杂。下面就enough的使用做个小结。
1.作形容词。修饰名词,置名次前后皆可,名词前强调enough,enough意义较强;名词后,强调名词,enough意义较弱。I have enough knowledge.强调knowledge的数量;而I have knowledge enough.強调knowledge,在具体的语言实践中,enough置名词前后无大区别,但enough置名词前较常见。
2.作名词。常作不可数名词:Enough has been said about the importance of honesty and belief.
3.作副词。
3.1修饰行为动词:Tom has played enough, so he isn’t interested in his subjects.
3.2修饰形容词或副词:Enough必须放在该词的后面,其后往往有to do sth.,初中生应认真领会和掌握enough to do sth的使用,尤其是与其他句型之间的转换,具体情况如下:
3.2.1肯定:
①sb+谓语动词+形容词(副词)enough+to do sth简单句与so…that主从复合句之间的转换。
He was old enough to take care of himself.
=He was so old that he could take care of himself.
②sth.+谓语动词+形容词(副词)enough for sb. to do sth与so…that之间的转换。
The box is light enough for the boy to carry.
=The box is so light that the boy can carry it.
对于enough to do sth.简单句第二种情况应注意:主语sth同时也是不定式的逻辑宾语,应省略与主语相对应的代词it, him, her或them,而转化为so…that复合句时,that从句的谓语动词应补上相应的宾语it, him, her或them,同时把不定式的逻辑主语改为that从句的主语。如上例,在简单句中carry后省去it,转化为复合句时应加上it,同时把to carry的逻辑主语the boy改为that从句的主语。
3.2.2否定:
①sb+谓语动词的否定形式+形容词(副词)+enough +to do sth简单句与too…to简单句或so…that复合句之间的转化。
The little boy isn’t tall enough to reach the top.
=The little boy is too short to reach the top.
=The little boy isn’t so tall that he can’t reach the top.
把enough…to简单句转化为too…to简单句时,too后的形容词(副词)应是enough前形容词(副词)的反义词,如tall变为short;转变为so…that复合句时,因not也否定enough后的不定式,that从句应根据时态变化改为相应的否定形式,如上述…that he can’t reach the top。
②sth+谓语动词的否定形式+形容词(副词)enough+for sb. to do sth与too…too简单句或so…that复合句的转换。
The dog didn’t run slowly enough for me to keep up with.
=The dog ran too quickly for me to keep up with.
=The dog ran so quickly that I couldn’t keep up with it.
除了注意too后面的形容词(副词)用enough前形容词(副词)的反义词,that从句用否定外(slowly改为quickly,that从句用couldn’t),还应注意主语sth同时也是不定式的逻辑宾语,不定式后应省略与主语相对应的代词it, him, her或them;改为so…that复合句时,that从句中的谓语动词应补上相应的宾语it, him, her或them,同时把不定式的逻辑主语改为that从句的主语。如上例,两简单句不定式to keep up with后无需it,而在复合句后务必加上it,同时把to keep up with的逻辑主语me改为that从句的主语。
1.作形容词。修饰名词,置名次前后皆可,名词前强调enough,enough意义较强;名词后,强调名词,enough意义较弱。I have enough knowledge.强调knowledge的数量;而I have knowledge enough.強调knowledge,在具体的语言实践中,enough置名词前后无大区别,但enough置名词前较常见。
2.作名词。常作不可数名词:Enough has been said about the importance of honesty and belief.
3.作副词。
3.1修饰行为动词:Tom has played enough, so he isn’t interested in his subjects.
3.2修饰形容词或副词:Enough必须放在该词的后面,其后往往有to do sth.,初中生应认真领会和掌握enough to do sth的使用,尤其是与其他句型之间的转换,具体情况如下:
3.2.1肯定:
①sb+谓语动词+形容词(副词)enough+to do sth简单句与so…that主从复合句之间的转换。
He was old enough to take care of himself.
=He was so old that he could take care of himself.
②sth.+谓语动词+形容词(副词)enough for sb. to do sth与so…that之间的转换。
The box is light enough for the boy to carry.
=The box is so light that the boy can carry it.
对于enough to do sth.简单句第二种情况应注意:主语sth同时也是不定式的逻辑宾语,应省略与主语相对应的代词it, him, her或them,而转化为so…that复合句时,that从句的谓语动词应补上相应的宾语it, him, her或them,同时把不定式的逻辑主语改为that从句的主语。如上例,在简单句中carry后省去it,转化为复合句时应加上it,同时把to carry的逻辑主语the boy改为that从句的主语。
3.2.2否定:
①sb+谓语动词的否定形式+形容词(副词)+enough +to do sth简单句与too…to简单句或so…that复合句之间的转化。
The little boy isn’t tall enough to reach the top.
=The little boy is too short to reach the top.
=The little boy isn’t so tall that he can’t reach the top.
把enough…to简单句转化为too…to简单句时,too后的形容词(副词)应是enough前形容词(副词)的反义词,如tall变为short;转变为so…that复合句时,因not也否定enough后的不定式,that从句应根据时态变化改为相应的否定形式,如上述…that he can’t reach the top。
②sth+谓语动词的否定形式+形容词(副词)enough+for sb. to do sth与too…too简单句或so…that复合句的转换。
The dog didn’t run slowly enough for me to keep up with.
=The dog ran too quickly for me to keep up with.
=The dog ran so quickly that I couldn’t keep up with it.
除了注意too后面的形容词(副词)用enough前形容词(副词)的反义词,that从句用否定外(slowly改为quickly,that从句用couldn’t),还应注意主语sth同时也是不定式的逻辑宾语,不定式后应省略与主语相对应的代词it, him, her或them;改为so…that复合句时,that从句中的谓语动词应补上相应的宾语it, him, her或them,同时把不定式的逻辑主语改为that从句的主语。如上例,两简单句不定式to keep up with后无需it,而在复合句后务必加上it,同时把to keep up with的逻辑主语me改为that从句的主语。