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自布斯、布坎南、塔洛克等公共选择学者的开创性研究之后,一直为政治哲学所关注的无政府状态开始进入经济学的研究视野,并逐渐分化为冲突视角和产权与交易视角两个研究方向。产权与交易视角下的大量实证研究和理论分析表明,即使没有政府主导的法律制度和司法体系,通过双边自愿实施、多边声誉机制以及对交易条款加以巧妙安排等私人机制,处于无政府状态下的个体也能自行完成产权保护与合约实施的任务。即使建立了完善的法律制度和司法体系,这些主要依靠既定群体对违约个体加以抵制、驱逐来确保实施的私人机制在经济体系中也依然能发挥重要的作用。
After the seminal study of public choice scholars such as Booz, Buchanan, and Turlock, the anarchy that political philosophy paid attention to began to enter the research field of economics and gradually differentiated into the perspective of conflict and the perspective of property rights and trading. A research direction. A large number of empirical studies and theoretical analyzes from the perspective of property rights and transactions show that even without the government-led legal system and judicial system, they are under anarchy through private mechanisms such as bilateral voluntary implementation, multilateral reputation mechanisms, and transactional terms Individuals can also complete their own property protection and contract implementation tasks. Even with the establishment of a sound legal system and judicial system, these mainly rely on the established groups to resist defaults and deportation to ensure that the private mechanisms that are implemented still play an important role in the economic system.