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在社会心理学的理论框架下,自愿工作在本质上是亲社会行为的一种,它代表着对他人或社会有积极促进作用的有益行为。通过对北京大学BBS版务组无偿志愿行为的考察,本文就亲社会理论视角下的自愿工作进行了定性研究。研究发现自愿工作实质上有着两重动因,即外在制度上的激励和内在心理过程的支持模式,这二者共同推动了在没有直接物质激励前提下亲社会行为的产生。此外,研究回应了组织行为学中的“组织公民行为”理论,认为科层组织中的非正式社会关系不仅未成为阻碍组织正常运行的滞阻因素,反而促进了组织内部亲社会行为的产生。最后,研究还提出当前有关亲社会行为的动机和后果的研究,要从既有的个体心理过程和机制出发,拓展到对于宏观群体过程、制度环境等要素的综合考察。
In the theoretical framework of social psychology, voluntary work is essentially a kind of pro-social behavior, which represents a beneficial act that can positively promote others or society. Through the investigation of the free volunteer behavior of Peking University BBS version task force, this paper conducts a qualitative research on voluntary work from the perspective of pro-social theory. The study found that there are essentially two motives for voluntary work, that is, extrinsic institutional motivation and supportive psychosocial process, both of which promote prosocial behavior without direct material incentives. In addition, the research responds to the theory of “organizational citizenship behavior” in organizational behavior that the informal social relations in the hierarchical organization not only become a hindrance to the normal operation of the organization, but also promote the prosocial behavior within the organization produce. Finally, the research also puts forward the current researches on the motivation and consequences of prosocial behavior, starting from existing individual psychological processes and mechanisms, and expanding to the comprehensive investigation of macro-group processes, institutional environment and other factors.