目的:了解乌鲁木齐市维吾尔族儿童先天性心脏病的相关危险因素,为制定预防和干预措施提供依据。方法:选取入院确诊的维吾尔族先天性心脏病患儿258例为病例组,同时收集无心脏缺陷的患儿173例为对照组,应用调查问卷收集患者及父母的相关信息。利用SPSS 17.0软件对两组的资料进行统计分析。结果:维吾尔族先天性心脏病类型的前3位依次为房间隔缺损、室间隔缺损和动脉导管未闭;病例组患者的母亲孕龄平均为(30.93±6.41)岁,孕次(2.02±1.11)次,产次(1.62±1.00)次,均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);病例组患者的母亲小学和文盲比例、服用避孕药比例、流产比例、情绪处于紧张和抑郁的比例均高于对照组,服用营养补充剂的比例低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);病例组患者的父亲小学和文盲比例及吸烟比例高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:母亲服用避孕药,孕次增加、孕期情绪紧张或抑郁、父亲文化程度低和吸烟是维吾尔族先天性心脏病的危险因素,应加强孕前及孕期夫妻双方的综合干预。 Objective: To understand the related risk factors of congenital heart disease among Uygur children in Urumqi and to provide the basis for making prevention and intervention measures. Methods: A total of 258 cases of Uygur congenital heart disease admitted to hospital were selected as the case group. 173 children without heart defects were selected as the control group. The questionnaire was used to collect the relevant information of the patients and their parents. Using SPSS 17.0 software for statistical analysis of the two groups of data. Results: The first three cases of Uygur congenital heart disease were atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus. The average gestational age of the mothers in the case group was (30.93 ± 6.41) years old and (2.02 ± 1.11) ), Times (1.62 ± 1.00) times, all higher than the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05); the proportion of mothers in primary school and illiterate group, the proportion of contraceptives, miscarriage rate, (P <0.05). The proportion of father’s illiteracy and smoking in case group was higher than that of control group , The differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion: The mothers taking birth control pills, increasing the number of pregnancies, emotional stress or depression during pregnancy, low educational level and smoking are the risk factors of Uygur congenital heart disease. The comprehensive intervention should be strengthened both before and during pregnancy.