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目的明确湖北中华按蚊地区疟疾高发病率的社会和行为学因素,为设计以改善该地区疟疾流行状况为日的的应用性研究提供基线数据。方法选取湖北省枣阳市璩湾镇曹冲村为研究点,于2004年6～7月,通过与市疾病预防控制中心及乡镇卫生院疟防人员的专题小组讨论了解该地区的疟疾流行与防治状况、与村领导的专题小组讨论了解该村的疟疾流行与防治状况以及村民的疟防知识、态度和行为,并通过简单随机抽样和问卷共调查了201户居民的家庭情况、疟防知识信念、家庭患疟情况和求医行为、家庭疟疾预防行为、对疟防活动的知晓情况等。结果70%多的居民认为疟疾与蚊虫叮咬有关,有30.8%的居民给出了错误看法,有13.9%的居民不知道疟疾如何引起和传播。约97%的居民知道反复发冷发热是疟疾的典刑症状,77.1%的居民表示患疟后到村诊所就诊。95%的家庭拥有蚊帐,81%的家庭拥有蚊虫驱避剂,98.0%的居民认为服用抗疟药是预防患疟疾的首要方法。村诊所不具备显微镜或快速诊断试条,村医受经济利益驱动常对症状不典刑患者给与抗生素或退热药治疗,上报疟疾病例的积极性不高。乡镇卫生院工资低,疟防人员流动性大。结论科学的疟防知识尚未完全取代当地居民的传统认识,有必要开展一项有针对性的健康教育活动,进一步改善当地居民的疟疾防治知识、意识和行为;村医在疟疾防治中的作用需要加强,有必要加大对村医正确诊断、规范治疗和及时上报疟疾病例方面的支持、培训和管理;基层疟防人员的稳定性应予以重视。
Objective To identify the social and behavioral factors of the high incidence of malaria in Anopheles Hubei area and to provide baseline data for the design of application-oriented studies to improve malaria epidemic in the region. Methods Caochong Village, Liwan Town, Zaoyang City, Hubei Province was selected as the study site. From June to July 2004, the topical group discussion with malaria defense personnel of the Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the township health center was conducted to discuss the epidemic and prevention of malaria in the region. Situation, discussion with village-led panelists to understand the prevalence and prevention of malaria in the village and the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of malaria prevention among villagers. A total of 201 households were surveyed through simple random sampling and questionnaires. , family malaria situation and seeking medical behavior, family malaria prevention behavior, awareness of malaria prevention activities and so on. As a result, more than 70% of residents believe that malaria is associated with mosquito bites, 30.8% of residents gave wrong opinions, and 13.9% of residents do not know how malaria is caused and spread. About 97% of residents know that repeated chills and fevers are symptomatic symptoms of malaria, and 77.1% of residents said that they have come to the village clinic after suffering from malaria. 95% of households have mosquito nets, 81% of households have mosquito repellents, and 98.0% of residents believe that taking antimalarial drugs is the primary method to prevent malaria. Village clinics do not have microscopes or rapid diagnostic test strips. Village doctors are often driven by economic interests to treat patients with symptomatic unhealthy sentences and receive antibiotics or antipyretic drugs. The enthusiasm for reporting malaria cases is not high. Township hospitals have low wages and malaria defense personnel have large mobility. Conclusion The scientific malaria prevention knowledge has not completely replaced the traditional knowledge of local residents. It is necessary to carry out a targeted health education activity to further improve the local residents’ malaria control knowledge, awareness and behavior; the role of village doctors in malaria control needs To strengthen, it is necessary to increase the support for, the training and the management of village doctors in the correct diagnosis, standardization of treatment, and timely reporting of malaria cases; the stability of grass-root malaria prevention personnel should be emphasized.