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目的 :研究山芝麻的茎、叶的性状 ,显微及理化鉴别特征 ,供鉴别真伪参考。方法 :常规性状鉴别法、显微鉴别法 (包括电镜扫描法 )、理化鉴别法。结果 :全体密被星状毛 ,单叶革质 ,长椭圆形或条状披针形 ,常有蒴果宿存。显微鉴别特征 :多数星状毛 ,叶下面具发达的气孔窝 ,气孔指数 39.3～ 43.7～ 48.0 ,栅表比 12 .8～ 15 .9～ 17.5 ,脉岛数 4.0～ 8.7～ 11.0mm-2 。茎横切面韧皮纤维束与筛管群、韧皮薄壁细胞相间排列 ,粉末中可见大量韧皮纤维束、晶纤维、分泌细胞、草酸钙方晶及簇晶。理化鉴别特征 :可能含有黄酮类成分 ;乙醇提取液的三氯化铝反应(+ ) ;无水乙醇提取液有两个吸收峰 2 0 9± 2nm和 2 75± 2nm。结论 :性状、显微、理化鉴别特征稳定 ,不受不同采收期因素的影响 ,可作鉴别依据。
Objectives: To study the traits of stems and leaves of sesame, microscopic and physicochemical identification, and to identify the authenticity of the reference. Methods: General trait identification, microscopic identification (including electron microscopy), physicochemical identification. Results: All the dense stellate hair, single-leaf leathery, long oval or stripe-shaped lanceolate, often pods present. Microscopic identification characteristics: most star-shaped hairs, well-developed stomatal fossa under the leaf mask, stomatal index 39.3-43.7-48.0, grate-table ratio 12.8-15.9%- 17.5, number of islands 4.0-8.7-11.0 mm-2 . Cross-section bast bast fiber bundles and screen group, phloem parenchyma arranged interphase, a large number of bast fiber bundles can be seen in the powder, crystal fibers, secretory cells, calcium oxalate crystals and clusters of crystals. Physicochemical identification features: may contain flavonoids; ethanol extract of aluminum trichloride reaction (+); anhydrous ethanol extract has two absorption peaks of 209 ± 2 nm and 275 ± 2 nm. Conclusion : Traits, microscopic, physical and chemical identification characteristics are stable, and are not affected by different harvesting factors. They can be used as a basis for identification.