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关于文明起源问题的探索所回答的问题,应当是上古时代社会如何由野蛮时代进入文明时代以及进入文明时代的具体时间与标准,而不是对于自有人类出现以来文明因素逐渐增长情况的说明。断定由野蛮时代进入文明时代的标准除了金属使用、城市兴起等“物”的因素之外,“人”的因素可能更为重要。文明时代的特征,不仅表现于“物”,而且表现于“人”——具有理性思维的人。从某种角度可以说,只有文明时代的“人”的出现,才意味着文明时代的降临。我们应当理出若干文明起源的线索,认识在那个“长时段”里面人的思维经过了怎样的发展过程而由原始思维转变为理性思维。上古先民在社会实践中不断增长的智慧,是文明起源过程中不可忽视的重要因素。
The question to be answered in the exploration of the origin of civilization should be the concrete time and standard of how the society of ancient times entered the civilized age from the barbaric age and into the civilized age instead of the explanation of the gradual increase of the civilized factors since the emergence of its own human beings. Determining the Criteria for Entering Civilization from a Barbarous Age Apart from factors such as metal use and the rise of cities, the “human” factor may be more important. The characteristics of the civilized era are not only manifested in “things” but also in “people” - people with rational thinking. From a certain angle, we can say that only the emergence of a “man” in the era of civilization means the advent of a civilization era. We should sort out the clues of the origins of some civilizations and recognize the process of development of human thinking in that “long period of time” and change from primitive thinking to rational thinking. The wisdom of the ancient ancestors growing in social practice is an important factor that can not be ignored in the process of the origin of civilization.