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目的了解地震灾区灾民应对策略状况及其特点,为心理危机干预提供科学依据。方法采用自编地震灾区灾民应对策略问卷,对123名灾民进行调查分析。结果地震灾区灾民问题解决、积极求助、自责自罪、消极退避和幻想等待维度的检出率分别为76.42%、61.79%、8.94%、8.13%和27.64%,灾民以积极应对策略为主。灾民应对策略无性别、民族差异,存在文化程度和年龄差异。在问题解决、积极求助和积极应对上,初中与高中及以上灾民均显著高于小学及以下灾民;青年与中年灾民显著高于儿童青少年灾民。在幻想等待上,初中灾民显著高于小学及以下灾民;青年与中年灾民显著高于儿童青少年灾民。结论据灾民应对策略的状况及特点,心理危机干预以辅助性和支持性原则为主,对不同性别和民族的人群不予区分,重点关注低文化程度和儿童青少年人群。
Objective To understand the status and characteristics of coping strategies for disaster victims in earthquake-stricken areas and provide a scientific basis for psychological crisis intervention. Methods A questionnaire was used to deal with the disaster victims in self-made earthquake-stricken areas. 123 victims were investigated and analyzed. Results The detection rate of victims’ problem solving, active help, self-blame self-blame, negative retreat and fantasy waiting dimension in earthquake-stricken areas were 76.42%, 61.79%, 8.94%, 8.13% and 27.64% respectively. Disaster response strategies without gender, ethnic differences, there are differences in educational level and age. In problem solving, active help and positive coping, the victims of junior high school and high school and above were significantly higher than those of elementary and junior high school. The victims of youth and middle age were significantly higher than those of children and adolescents. At the time of fantasy waiting, the victims of junior high school were significantly higher than those of elementary school and below; the victims of youth and middle age were significantly higher than those of children and adolescents. Conclusion According to the status and characteristics of the coping strategies of the victims, the intervention of psychological crisis is mainly based on the principle of supportiveness and supportability. It does not distinguish between people of different genders and ethnic groups, and focuses on people with low educational attainment and children and adolescents.