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二十世纪以来,特别是第二次世界大战以后,现代科学技术日新月异,蓬勃兴起。它一方面纵向深入,迅速分化,分支学科越来越多;另一方面,它又横向扩展,辩证综合,学科之间相互渗透,相互交叉,因而使自然科学趋于整体化。信息论、控制论和系统论的诞生和发展正是科学整体化的具体表现。这些新兴学科从横向揭示了客观世界的本质联系和运动规律,为现代科学技术的发展提供了新的理论和方法,并且在实际应用中取得了卓越成效,目前正在向社会科学领域广泛渗透,它们必将进一步推动整个社会的发展。
Since the 20th century, especially after the Second World War, modern science and technology have been developing rapidly with each passing day. On the one hand, it is deeply vertical and rapidly differentiated, and there are more and more branch disciplines. On the other hand, it expands horizontally, dialectically and comprehensively, interdisciples between subjects and crosses each other, thus making the natural sciences tend to be integrated. The birth and development of information theory, cybernetics and system theory are precisely the concrete manifestations of the integration of science. These emerging disciplines have revealed the essential connection and movement laws of the objective world in a horizontal way, provided new theories and methods for the development of modern science and technology, and achieved remarkable results in practical applications. They are now widely penetrated into the fields of social sciences. They are Will further promote the development of the entire community.