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由于生长因子的cDNA克隆能被分离,故使其大量生产已成为可能,大量的生长因子又反过来能加速对其结构和功能的深入研究。许多已知的生长因子都是分泌量很微的低分子量蛋白质。能以自分泌(autocrine)方式作用于该分泌细胞,或以旁分泌(paracrine)方式作用于邻近细胞。有时生长因子被大量地释放进入循环系统,类似激素作用于距分泌细胞较远的靶细胞。生长因子的调节效应很多,因此依据其生理功能进行分类是困难的,然而可根据其结构或功能的相似性将其分为若干组。表1列出了一些生长因子的结构、生物性质及可能的应用。
Since cDNA clones of growth factors can be isolated, it has become possible to mass-produce them, and large numbers of growth factors in turn can speed up their in-depth study of their structure and function. Many known growth factors are low-molecular-weight proteins that are secreted very little. Can act on the secreted cells in an autocrine manner or act on adjacent cells in a paracrine manner. Sometimes growth factors are released in large quantities into the circulatory system, and hormones act on target cells farther from the secreting cell. The regulatory effects of growth factors are numerous and therefore difficult to classify based on their physiological function, however they can be divided into groups according to their structural or functional similarities. Table 1 lists the structure, biological properties and possible applications of some growth factors.