膀胱癌是泌尿系统最常见的恶性肿瘤,具有多中心性、常伴原位癌和切除后易复发等特点。虽然膀胱镜检、细胞学检查等仍被认为是诊断膀胱癌的“金标准”,但对一些微小的、早期扁平型病变的检测和定位非常困难,而传统的手术方法、化学疗法乃至生物疗法都不能有效控制膀胱肿瘤的复发 Bladder cancer is the most common malignancy of the urinary system, with multicentric, often accompanied by carcinoma in situ and resectability and other characteristics. Although cystoscopy and cytological examination are still considered the “gold standard” for diagnosis of bladder cancer, it is very difficult to detect and locate some small, early flat lesions. However, traditional surgical methods, chemotherapy and even biological therapy Can not effectively control the recurrence of bladder cancer