在婴儿和儿童人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染者中,90%是母婴传播引起的。大约有15%~50%的HIV阳性母亲通过怀孕、分娩或哺乳把病毒传播给胎儿或婴儿〔1〕。感染HIV的女性及其子女给家庭和社会都带来了很大的负担。本文就HIV母婴传播的方式、危险因素及预防措施等作一综述。1 HIV母婴 90% of infants and children infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are caused by mother-to-child transmission. About 15% to 50% of HIV-positive mothers transmit the virus through pregnancy, childbirth or breastfeeding to the fetus or infant [1]. Women infected with HIV and their children have a heavy burden on families and society. This article reviews the ways of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, risk factors and preventive measures. 1 HIV mother and child