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论述了以车身模型为例的复杂结构声振响应的分析方法。分析的目的是为了识别对车内声场的声压有关键贡献的板件。为此,本文采用基于Helmholtz方程最小二乘法的近场声全息(NAH)技术,利用对任意形状的表面进行近场的声压测量结果对结构表面的振动噪声响应进行重构。首先,对部件表面法向振动速度和表面的声压分布进行了重构,其次计算了部件表面声强分布以及每个部件的声功率流与车内任意一点声压的相关程度。每个部件对车内一点声压的相对贡献取决于板件到该点的声功率流。利用基于HELS近场声全息只需要进行一组声压测量就可以对板件的结构噪声进行分析,并且能够进行板件相对贡献量的研究。本文的分析结果得到了试验结果的证明,验证试验是在全消声室内进行的。
The method of analyzing the vibration response of complex structures with the body model as an example is discussed. The purpose of the analysis is to identify plates that make a key contribution to the sound pressure of the vehicle’s sound field. In order to do this, the near-field acoustic holography (NAH) based on the least square method of Helmholtz equation is used to reconstruct the vibration and noise response of the structure surface by using the sound pressure measurement results of the surface in any shape. Firstly, the surface normal vibration velocity and the surface acoustic pressure distribution were reconstructed. Secondly, the relationship between the surface acoustic intensity distribution of the component and the acoustic power flow of each component and the sound pressure at any point in the vehicle was calculated. The relative contribution of each component to the point of sound pressure in the vehicle depends on the flow of sound power from the plate to that point. Using only a set of sound pressure measurements based on HELS near-field acoustic holography, the structural noise of the plate can be analyzed and the relative contribution of the plate can be studied. The analysis results of this paper have been proved by the test results. The verification test is carried out in a full anechoic chamber.