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明代的提刑按察使司,简称按察司,其最高长官按察使,掌一省刑名按劾之事;按察副使、佥事,有分道巡察之任以及提学、屯田、兵备、抚民等临事专务。因此,按察司不仅是明代地方的最高司法机关与监察机关,其对一省的民政、军事、教育等方面,也产生直接的影响。所以,按察司是研究明代政治史无法回避的课题。自20世纪30年代以来,学者对这一课题的研究,旨趣各异,成绩斐然,现做如下综述。
The Ming Dynasty sentenced the police to investigate the Secretary, referred to as the prosecutor, the highest executive according to the prosecutor, the palm of a province according to the criminal name of the matter; according to the Deputy, ambassador, there are separate road inspections of any and to mention learning, Tuntian, Bingbei, care Civil and other temporary service. Therefore, the DPA is not only the supreme judicial organ and supervisory organ in the Ming Dynasty, but also directly affects the civil affairs, military affairs and education of a province. Therefore, the prosecutor is to study the Ming Dynasty political history can not be avoided issue. Since the 1930s, scholars have done a lot of research and research on this subject with remarkable achievements.