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减损规则和损益相抵规则是合同法克服违约赔偿效率损失和保障交易安全的重要制度安排。它们使双方当事人成本内化和联合预防成本最小化,实现了违约救济的经济目标和合同剩余的最大化。这两个规则的结合实现了对双方当事人的行为激励,使当事人的事前及事后行为更符合经济效率原则,体现了合同法对当事人行为的正确激励,体现了法律与经济学在根本上的一致性。
The rules of derogation and the principle of offsetting gains and losses are important institutional arrangements for the contract law to overcome the loss of efficiency of liquidated damages and ensure the security of transactions. They minimize the cost internalization and joint prevention costs of both parties, and achieve the economic goals of default relief and the maximization of contractual surplus. The combination of these two rules realizes the behavioral incentives for both parties so as to make the parties’ ex ante and post-act more in line with the principle of economic efficiency, which reflects the right incentives of the parties to the contract law and reflects the fundamental agreement between law and economics Sex.