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作者说明了景观生态学发展的特点,他在认清该新概念的方法和目前的进展的同时,将它计分为几个阶段。在它的“史前阶段”,即本世纪中叶以前,C.特罗尔(Troll)创立了这个新概念。人们不可能依靠那早期的一个清晰概念,但已讨论了一些基本问题,这些问题到今天还是有意义的。其中有景观的自然系统与社会系统的关系问题,个体和类型或其它抽象形式的关系问题,以及综合问题。自从 C.特罗尔提出景观研究中的生态概念之后,在这个地学新分科的思想发展中可以分出下列阶段:1.巩固阶段,包括应用该新概念于所有地理领域或建立实验室,以及实验方法的发展;2.理论基础阶段;2.结构分析阶段,结构模式;4.动态研究阶段,研究变化中的景观的动态模式。掌握这四个阶段使景观生态学不仅能够分析每一特殊的事例,而且使得它有可能预测景观中许多人类活动的后果。未来的进一步的发展阶段将力图稳定景观生态学的稳步成长的领域,组织学科间的合作,详细阐述子系统的特殊程序,最后不是最不重要的是创立综合的理论基础。这样,就可以为还是遥远的目的作准备:我们都知道专门化已经破坏了科学想像的统一性。我认为景观生态学可以成为科学中综合的复兴的途径之一。
The author explains the characteristics of the development of landscape ecology. While discerning the new concept and the current progress, he divided it into several stages. In its “prehistoric phase,” before the middle of this century, Troll founded the new concept. One can not rely on a clear concept of that early one, but some basic questions have been discussed that are still relevant today. Among them are the relationship between the natural system of the landscape and the social system, the relationship between the individual and the type or other abstract forms, and the comprehensive problem. Since C. Troll proposed the concept of ecology in landscape studies, the following phases can be divided in the development of this new branch of thought in geosciences: 1. The consolidation phase, including the application of the new concept in all geographical areas or the establishment of laboratories, and The development of experimental methods; 2. the theoretical basis of the stage; 2. the structural analysis of the stage, the structure of the model; 4. dynamic research phase, dynamic landscape of changing landscape. Grasping these four phases enables landscape ecology to not only analyze each particular case but also make it possible to predict the consequences of many human activities in the landscape. The further stages of development in the future will seek to stabilize the steady growth of landscape ecology, organize interdisciplinary cooperation, elaborate on the special procedures of subsystems and, last but not least, create a comprehensive theoretical basis. In this way, it can be prepared for a long or distant purpose: we all know that specialization has destroyed the unity of scientific imagination. I think landscape ecology can be one of the ways of a comprehensive revival in science.