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目的评价山药资源的多样性,为山药品种鉴定及亲缘关系的研究提供科学依据。方法以8个山药栽培居群中的21个山药品种为试材,进行相关系列扩增多态性(SRAP)分析,Popgene 1.32软件计算遗传参数,UPGMA方法构建亲缘关系聚类图。结果相关系列扩增多态性引物共检测到309条清晰条带,其中多态性条带289条;Nei基因多样性指数(H)为0.288 1、Shannon信息指数为(I)0.441 6、居群间基因多样性(Ht)为0.289 1,阐明了山药居群间具有很高的多样性;居群内以河南温县薯蓣居群多样性最高,PPB为35.92%,而福建三明(FJSM)和浙江高楼(ZJRG)山薯居群多样性最低(PPB=0%);居群间基因分化系数Gst为0.865 8、基因流(Nm)为0.077 5,揭示山药居群间遗传变异大于居群内遗传变异;8个居群间的遗传距离在0.049 8～0.487 9,因栽培物种的不同被聚为4类;相关系列扩增多态性标记可将21个山药品种分别归属到薯蓣、参薯、褐苞薯蓣、山薯种内。结论山药品种呈现较高遗传多样性,4种基原山药种间遗传差异较大,相关系列扩增多态性是鉴别我国山药品种的有效方法。
Objective To evaluate the diversity of yam resources and provide a scientific basis for the identification of yam varieties and their genetic relationship. Methods Twenty-one Chinese yam cultivars from 8 Chinese yam cultivars were used as experimental materials to analyze the related amplified polymorphism (SRAP). Popgene 1.32 software was used to calculate genetic parameters and UPGMA method was used to construct phylogenetic cluster map. Results A total of 309 clear bands were detected in the related series of amplified polymorphic primers, of which 289 were polymorphic bands. The Nei gene diversity index (H) was 0.288 1 and the Shannon information index was (0.441 6) The genetic diversity among populations (Ht) was 0.289 1, indicating that the populations of yam were highly diverse. The population diversity of Dioscorea zingiberensis was the highest in Wenxian County of Henan Province, with a PPB of 35.92%, while Fujian Sanming (FJSM) And ZJRG (PPB = 0%). The coefficient of genetic differentiation (Gst) was 0.865 8 and the gene flow (Nm) was 0.077 5, which revealed that the genetic variation among populations was greater than that of populations The genetic distance among 8 populations was between 0.049 8 and 0.487 9, which was clustered into 4 groups due to different cultivated species. The polymorphism markers of 21 cultivars could be assigned to Dioscorea nipponica var. Potato, brown bramble yam, potato species within. Conclusion The varieties of yam have high genetic diversity. The genetic diversity among the four kinds of yam is relatively large. The related amplified polymorphism is an effective way to identify yam varieties in our country.