近年来 ,我国肺结核的发病率呈上升趋势。统计资料表明 ,我国儿童结核的感染率为 4 6 %～ 14 4 % ,患病率为17 3%～ 2 3 0 % [1] 。儿童肺结核的诊断较成人困难 ,尤其是婴幼儿原发性肺结核自觉症状少 ,患儿自我表述差 ,临床表现与感染性疾病不易区别 ;同时原发结核灶排菌量少 In recent years, the incidence of tuberculosis in our country has been on the rise. Statistics show that the prevalence of tuberculosis among children in China is 46% -14 4%, with a prevalence of 17.3% -230% [1]. Pediatric tuberculosis diagnosis more difficult than adults, especially infants and young children with primary pulmonary tuberculosis less symptoms, children with poor self-expression, clinical manifestations and infectious diseases is not easy to distinguish; the same time, the primary tuberculosis foci less