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目的采用手工化神经行为功能测试初步探讨低水平机动车尾气暴露对儿童神经行为功能的影响。方法根据环境监测数据和道路机动车流量,在福建省泉州市某区选择机动车尾气污染程度不同的2所小学作为研究现场。以调查学校二、三年级所有学生为研究对象,进行问卷调查和神经行为功能测试,最后选择在当地居住时间≥3年、测试时健康状况良好的861名儿童进行分析。结果2所学校瑞文测试得分基本相同;学校B划消测试得分低于学校A,但是差异无统计学意义(P=0.071);ANOVA显示学校B儿童的数字符号、目标瞄准追踪、符号记入、连接数字测试的得分显著低于学校A(P<0.001)。在控制其他因素后,位于机动车尾气污染严重地区的学校B儿童的数字符号、目标瞄准追踪、符号记入、连接数字测试的得分比低暴露的学校A的儿童分别低2.9、11.5、5.6和1.6分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论长期低水平机动车尾气暴露对儿童的神经行为功能有不良影响。
Objective To investigate the effect of low level motor vehicle exhaust on neurobehavioral function in children using manual neurobehavioral test. Methods Based on environmental monitoring data and road traffic flow, two primary schools with different levels of vehicle exhaust pollution were selected as research sites in a district of Quanzhou, Fujian Province. To investigate all the students in grade two and grade three of the school as the research object, the survey and neurobehavioral functional tests were conducted. Finally, 861 children whose health conditions were good at the time of residence ≥3 years were selected for analysis. Results The scores of Ruiwen test in the two schools were basically the same. The score of school B test was lower than that of school A, but the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.071). The ANOVA showed that the number of children in school B, the target aiming and tracking, , The scores for the connection digital test were significantly lower than those for school A (P <0.001). After controlling for other factors, the number of children in school B, the number of children in target B, the number of children in school A who participated in the digital test were lower by 2.9, 11.5, 5.6 and 1.6 points, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS Long-term, low-level motor vehicle exhaust exposure has adverse effects on children’s neurobehavioral function.