As the amount of data produced by ground penetrating radar(GPR) for roots is large, the transmission and the storage of data consumes great resources. To alleviate this problem, we propose here a root imaging algorithm using chaotic particle swarm optimal(CPSO)compressed sensing based on GPR data according to the sparsity of root space. Radar data are decomposed,observed, measured and represented in sparse manner, so roots image can be reconstructed with limited data. Firstly,radar signal measurement and sparse representation are implemented, and the solution space is established by wavelet basis and Gauss random matrix; secondly, the matching function is considered as the fitness function, and the best fitness value is found by a PSO algorithm; then, a chaotic search was used to obtain the global optimal operator; finally, the root image is reconstructed by the optimal operators. A-scan data, B-scan data, and complex data from American GSSI GPR is used, respectively, in the experimental test. For B-scan data, the computation time was reduced 60 % and PSNR was improved 5.539 dB; foractual root data imaging, the reconstruction PSNR was26.300 dB, and total computation time was only 67.210 s.The CPSO-OMP algorithm overcomes the problem of local optimum trapping and comprehensively enhances the precision during reconstruction. To alleviate this problem, we propose here a root imaging algorithm using chaotic particle swarm optimal (CPSO) compressed air (GPR) for roots is large, the transmission and the storage of data consumes great resources. sensing based on GPR data according to the sparsity of root space. Radar data are decomposed, observed, measured and represented in sparse manner, so roots image can be reconstructed with limited data. second, the matching function is considered as the fitness function, and the best fitness value is found by a PSO algorithm; then, a chaotic search was used to obtain the global optimal operator; finally, the root image is reconstructed by the optimal operators. A-scan data, B-scan data, and complex data from American GSSI GPR is used, respectively, in the experiment For B-scan data, the computation time was reduced 60% and PSNR was improved 5.539 dB; foractual root data imaging, the reconstruction PSNR was 26.300 dB, and total computation time was only 67.210 s.The CPSO-OMP algorithm overcomes the problem of local optimum trapping and comprehensively enhances the precision during reconstruction.