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(一)水分:水不仅是食用菌的重要成分,而且也是它新陈代谢、吸收营养必不可少的基本物质.食用菌在生长发育的各阶段都需要水分,在子实体发育时期更需要大量水分.据邦纳等研究,蘑菇从菌蕾到子实体成熟,它的细胞数目并不增加,也就是说蘑菇子实体的长大主要是细胞贮蓄养料和水分的过程。食用菌生长发育所需要的水分绝大部分都来自培养料,而培养料含水量又是出菇的重要因素。邓庄(1966)根据试验证明,香菇、毛柄金钱菌等木生蘑菇的菌丝体在培养料含水量达180～260%时生长最好,而其子实体的分化和发育则需要260～340%的含水量(即培养料干重的2.6～3.4倍)。
(A) Water: Water is not only an important component of edible fungi, but also essential for its metabolism, absorption of nutrients.Edible mushrooms need water in all stages of growth and development, but also need a lot of water in the fruiting body development period. According to Bonner et al., Mushrooms mature from fruiting buds to fruiting bodies, and their number of cells does not increase. In other words, the growth of mushroom fruiting bodies is mainly the process by which cells store nutrients and moisture. Most of the water required for the growth and development of edible mushrooms comes from the cultivation materials, and the water content of the cultivation materials is also an important factor for fruiting. According to experiments, Deng Zhuang (1966) showed that the mycelium of mushrooms, M. xylophilus and other mushrooms grew best when the moisture content of the culture material reached 180-260%, while the differentiation and development of their fruiting body required 260 ~ 340% of the water content (that is, 2.6 to 3.4 times the dry weight of culture medium).