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【目的】观察阿奇霉素联合布地奈德雾化吸入治疗小儿闭塞性细支气管炎(Bronchiolitis obliter-ans,BO)的临床效果。【方法】收集2011年4月至2014年6月本科收治的临床诊断为 BO 的患儿56例,采用随机数字表法将其分为观察组与对照组,每组各28例,两组患儿均给予退热、化痰和止咳等药物进行常规对症支持治疗。对照组给予布地奈德雾化吸入治疗,观察组采用阿奇霉素联合布地奈德雾化吸入治疗,测量两组患儿治疗前后喘息控制情况及临床表现总得分,比较两组患儿治疗期间发生气喘次数、感染次数及两组患儿的临床治疗效果。【结果】观察组与对照组患儿在治疗前的喘息得分及临床表现总得分之间的差异无统计学意义(P >0.05),而治疗后观察组的喘息控制得分及临床表现总得分均较对照组的低且差异具有统计学意义(P <0.05)；观察组治疗期间的气喘发生率为14.3%,感染发生率为10.7%,而对照组分别为39.3,35.7%,两组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P 0.05).The wheezing scores and the total score of clinical manifestations in the observation group after treatment was lower than those of the control group;the differences were statistically sig-nificant (P <0.05).The asthma incidence rate in the observation group during the treatment was 14.3% and the in-fection rate was 10.7%,while the asthma incidence rate in the control group was 39.3% and infection rate was 35.7%.Differences in rates of asthma and infection incidence between the two groups were statistically significant (P<0.05);the overall efficacy of the observation group after treatment was 89.3%,while the efficacy of the control group was 64.3%.This showed statistically significant differences between the two groups (χ2 =4.909,P =0.027).[Conclusion]The clinical effect of azithromycin combined with budesonide inhalation in treating children with bronchi-olitis obliterans is significant and is recommended for clinical application.