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“人的本质”概念是马克思哲学最重要的范畴之一。20世纪新马克思主义思想史上有诸多学者曾深入探讨过这一问题,如卢卡奇、布洛赫、萨特、弗洛姆、赫勒、科西克等等,但他们几乎都将注意力主要集中在人的本质的具体内容或把握人的本质的思维方式上。而曾经师从艾耶尔的南斯拉夫哲学家马尔科维奇却独辟蹊径,在科学与意识形态辩证关系视野中将“人的本质”概念区分为描述性和规范性两个维度,并在区分二者不同特征的基础上对其进行功能整合,从而在“人的本质”概念的革命性变革层面上彰显了马克思哲学的辩证性和超越性——描述与规范的融合。
The concept of “human essence” is one of the most important categories of Marxist philosophy. Many scholars in the history of the new Marxism in the 20th century have discussed this issue in depth, such as Lukacs, Bloch, Sartre, Flåm, Heller, Kosik and so on, but almost all of them will pay attention Mainly concentrated on the specific content of the human nature or to grasp the essence of human thinking. The Yugoslavian philosopher Markovich, who once studied at Ayer, came up with the idea of differentiating the notion of “essence of man” into two dimensions of descriptiveness and normativity in the dialectical relationship between science and ideology. Based on the different features of the two, it integrates functionally, so as to demonstrate the dialectical and transcendental character of Marxist philosophy - the integration of description and norm in the revolutionary change of the concept of “human nature”.