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目的了解云南楚雄职业暴露人群A(H5)禽流感病毒抗体水平和环境中禽流感病毒的分布情况,为禽流感防控提供科学依据。方法 2012-2014年,采集职业暴露人群血清标本开展马红细胞血凝抑制试验检测A(H5清洗禽类污水、案板表面拭子、禽类饮水、笼具表面拭子、禽类粪便等)抗体,采集外环境标本(清洗禽类污水、案板表面拭子、笼具表面拭子、禽类饮水、禽类粪便等),用荧光定量PCR方法检测禽流感病毒核酸通A总阳性和A(H5)、A(H9)亚型。结果职业暴露人群血清1 200份,均未检出A(H5)流感病毒抗体阳性标本。环境标本1643份,禽流感病毒核酸通A(FluA)总阳性率4.38%,其中A(H9)占通A阳性标本的81.94%。环境监测中,禽流感病毒检测阳性率秋冬季存在高峰。城乡活禽市场标本禽流感病毒核酸阳性率最高。清洗禽类污水和案板表面拭子禽流感病毒核酸阳性率最高。结论楚雄市禽流感感染的风险主要集中在城乡活禽市场,应加强对活禽市场的监管,流行高峰期继续加强职业暴露人群和外环境的禽流感监测,同时开展对高危人群的健康教育。
Objective To understand the antibody level of avian influenza A (H5) and the distribution of avian influenza virus in the exposed occupations in Chuxiong, Yunnan Province, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of avian influenza. Methods From 2012 to 2014, serum samples of occupationally exposed people were collected to test the hemagglutination inhibition test of horse red blood cells (A) (H5 cleaning birdwaters, board surface swabs, bird drinking water, cage surface swabs, bird feces, etc.) A (H5), A (H9) A (H9) and A (H9) were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR using the samples (washing birdwaters, board surface swabs, cage surface swabs, bird drinking water, type. Results There were no serum samples of A (H5) influenza virus in 1 200 serum samples from the occupationally exposed group. The total positive rate of FluA in bird flu virus was 4.38%, and A (H9) accounted for 81.94% of the A positive samples. In environmental monitoring, the positive rate of detection of avian influenza virus has the peak in autumn and winter. Live samples of live poultry in urban and rural areas have the highest positive rate of nucleic acid of avian influenza virus. The highest positive rate of nucleic acid was found in birdwatches and swabs on the surface of swabs. Conclusion The risk of bird flu infection in Chuxiong is mainly concentrated in the live markets of urban and rural areas. The supervision of live poultry market should be strengthened. During the peak of epidemic, the surveillance of bird flu in occupationally exposed and external environment should continue to be strengthened. At the same time, health education should be carried out for those at risk.