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73名参加全国比赛的公路和场地自行车运动员,包括25名1986年亚运会集训队优秀运动员。采用Monark功率车全力快蹬30秒测定无氧功率峰值(An5)和均值(An30)。用逐级负荷至精疲力竭测定最大吸氧量(Vo_2 max)和乳酸性无氧阈值(AT)。结果发现,公路自行车运动员的Vo_2 max为4.44±0.29L/min和66.6±5.17ml/kg.min,经一年耐力训练绝对值提高12.5%,AT提高9.7%。说明训练对有氧能力的影响。按Vo_2 max测值换算成最大有氧功率相当于100km世界冠军比赛时平均功率的85%左右。因此,认为有氧能力不足是限制公路自行车成绩提高的重要因素。我国男女场地运动员的An 5,An30均大于公路运动员。An 5,An30与场地争先赛,1 km计时赛,3 km追逐赛成绩呈显著负相关。An30测值低于日、美、英、西德等国运动员,相当于1km世界记录创造者骑行时平均功率水平。但无氧功率随时间延续而下降,60秒时仅为峰值的61%。可以认为,耐乳酸性无氧能力不足是限制场地运动成绩提高的重要因素。
73 road and field cyclists participating in the national competition, including 25 1986 Asian Games training team elite athletes. Monark power car with full quick pedal 30 seconds measured anaerobic peak power (An5) and the average (An30). The maximum oxygen uptake (Vo 2 max) and the lactic acid anaerobic threshold (AT) were determined with progressive loading to exhaustion. The results showed that the Vo_2 max of road cyclists was 4.44 ± 0.29 L / min and 66.6 ± 5.17 ml / kg.min, respectively. The absolute value of endurance training increased by 12.5% and AT increased by 9.7%. Explain the impact of training on aerobic capacity. Measured by Vo_2 max, the maximum aerobic power is equivalent to about 85% of the average power of the 100km World Championship. Therefore, the lack of aerobic capacity is an important factor that limits the improvement of road bike performance. An5 and An30 of male and female field athletes in our country are greater than that of road athletes. An 5, An30 showed significant negative correlation with the venue first race, 1 km time trial and 3 km pursuit. An30 measured values lower than Japan, the United States, Britain, West Germany and other countries athletes, equivalent to 1km world record creator riding average power level. However, the anaerobic power decreased over time, only 61% of the peak at 60 seconds. It is believed that lack of resistance to lactic acid and anaerobic capacity is an important factor that limits the improvement of athletic performance on the venue.