Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic degenerative disease of the bone and joint, which occurs frequently in the middle-aged and old people. The main clinical symptoms are joint pain, stiffness, swelling, and dyskinesia. In recent years, there have been many researches on traditional Chinese medicine treatment of bone and joint, and the therapeutic effect is significant. This paper analyzes and summarizes the domestic and foreign literature in recent years, based on the cellular signaling pathway of OA, discusses the mechanism of action of traditional Chinese medicine monomer, compound, acupuncture and so on for OA, in order to provide the corresponding reference for the research and treatment of OA.