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多肽与蛋白质具有结构支持、酶促催化、蛋白-蛋白相互作用等一系列功能。其中,二级结构作为少数氨基酸参与的相对局域性的结构,是一切高级结构的基础。为了模拟天然多肽的结构与功能,人们成功设计并合成了多种非天然的寡聚物结构。这些拟肽或类肽结构能有效地模拟以α-螺旋、转角为主体的多肽二级结构。二级结构模拟物具有重要的理论意义,并被进一步用于蛋白-蛋白相互作用的抑制剂研究与新药设计中。本文从分析多肽的二级结构特征入手,分类阐述了目前的各类多肽二级结构模拟物,并重点分析了最为主要的基于酰胺键型的模拟物的设计与结构多样性。同时,本文提出一系列形象化的命名手段进行分类,如χ肽、ζ/ξ-肽及ζ-ξ-肽等。
Peptides and proteins have structural support, enzymatic catalysis, protein-protein interactions and a series of functions. Among them, the secondary structure as a relatively small number of amino acids involved in the local structure, is all the basis for the advanced structure. In order to mimic the structure and function of natural peptides, many non-natural oligomer structures have been successfully designed and synthesized. These peptidomimetic or peptoid structures can effectively mimic the secondary structure of a polypeptide that is predominantly alpha-helical and rotationally oriented. Secondary structural mimics have important theoretical implications and are further used in the study of inhibitors and protein design of protein-protein interactions. Based on the analysis of the secondary structure of the polypeptide, this paper elucidated the current structure of the secondary structure of various peptides and focused on the design and structural diversity of the most important amide bond-based mimetics. At the same time, this article proposes a series of visual naming methods for classification, such as χ peptide, ζ / ξ-peptide and ζ-ξ-peptide.