一般认为,企业组织需要两种类型的管理人才,第一种是职能专家,他们在企业中充当各专业和职能部门的管理者的角色。第二种是综合协调者,他们要协调各职能部门的不同利益,以便实现企业总体利益的最优平衡。由于社会文化背景不同,欧洲各国企业的管理哲学就有所差别,形成了管理人员选拔和提升的三种模式,并因此影响到企业的管理体制和 It is generally believed that corporate organizations require two types of management talents. The first is functional experts. They act as managers of various professional and functional departments in the enterprise. The second is the integrated coordinator, who must coordinate the different interests of various functional departments in order to achieve the optimal balance of the company’s overall interests. Due to different social and cultural backgrounds, the management philosophy of European companies differs, resulting in three modes of selection and promotion of management personnel, and thus affecting the management system of enterprises and