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在19世纪形成于德国的兰克史学使历史学取得了作为一门独立学科的合法地位,并且使史料批判成为历史学家写作中公认的学术规范。兰克史学发源于德国,但其影响却是世界性的。随着时代的发展,兰克史学的理论和实践也受到了新史学家和历史哲学家的批判,其范围也超出了德国的范围。以法国的年鉴派为代表的新史学派在批判以兰克史学为代表的传统史学,努力使历史学“科学化”的过程中,又忽视了保持历史学自身特色,存在过分“科学化”的倾向。“叙事史的复兴”则是对这一倾向的纠偏。这个发展过程体现了不同时代条件下历史学家们所追求的“科学历史学”及其之间的传承演变关系。
In the 19th century, the history of Lancaster formed in Germany made history a legal status as an independent discipline, and made historical criticism a recognized academic criterion in the writing of historians. Rancism originated in Germany, but its influence is worldwide. With the development of the times, the theory and practice of Rank’s historiography have also been criticized by the new historians and philosophers of history, and their scope is beyond the scope of Germany. The New Historians, represented by the French Yearbook School, criticized the traditional historiography represented by Rank’s historiography and tried their best to make the history science “scientific” while neglecting to preserve its own characteristics and over-existent “ Scientific ”tendency. “The revival of narrative history ” is the correction of this tendency. This process of development embodies the historical evolution of “scientific historiography” pursued by historians under different epochs and their evolution.