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目的掌握重庆市黔江区燃煤型氟中毒病情现状,为地方性氟中毒防治提供科学依据。方法运用现场调查方法调查黔江区74个病区村的基本情况和改炉改灶情况;运用Dean′s法检查所有病区村8～12岁儿童氟斑牙及16岁以上成人临床氟骨症患病情况,计算氟骨症检出率;对氟斑牙检出率>30%的村中所有家庭开展相关信息调查,同时每村随机采集5户食用的玉米、辣椒样本进行氟含量测定。结果燃煤型氟中毒病区村病情在逐渐减轻,从原有重病区26个、中病区12个、轻病区36个改变为轻病区7个、控制病区67个;重、中、轻病区改炉改灶率分别为100.00%、88.17%、18.44%;8～12岁儿童氟斑牙患病率、氟斑牙缺损率、氟斑牙指数分别为11.83%、0.62%、0.20%;临床氟骨症患者135人,检出率为0.08%。结论黔江区燃煤型氟中毒病氟斑牙病情逐渐减轻,病情程度逐渐下降,病区类型逐渐减轻。降氟措施除改炉改灶外,修建沼气池,人们生活行为方式改变也是病情减轻的重要因素。
Objective To master the status quo of coal-burning fluorosis in Qianjiang District of Chongqing, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of endemic fluorosis. Methods The field investigation was used to investigate the basic situation of 74 ward villages in Qianjiang district and the situation of the stoves being renovated. The Dean’s method was used to examine the dental fluorosis of children aged 8 to 12 years and the clinical skeletal fluorosis The incidence of skeletal fluorosis was calculated, and all the families in the village with the detection rate of dental fluorosis more than 30% were surveyed. Meanwhile, five samples of corn and pepper were collected from each village for determination of fluoride content. Results The condition of the coal-burning fluorosis-poisoning ward was gradually reduced from 26 in the original ward, 12 in the ward, 36 in the ward to 7 in the ward, and 67 in the control ward; , And the rate of stovepipe alteration was 100.00%, 88.17% and 18.44% respectively in the light ward area. The prevalence of dental fluorosis, dental fluorosis defect and dental fluorosis index were 11.83% and 0.62% in children aged 8 ~ 12 years, 0.20%; clinical skeletal fluorosis 135 patients, the detection rate was 0.08%. Conclusion In Qianjiang district, the incidence of dental fluorosis was gradually reduced, the severity of fluorosis decreased, and the type of ward gradually decreased. In addition to fluoride reduction measures to change the stove to the stove, the construction of biogas digesters, people’s lifestyle changes is also an important factor in reducing the severity of illness.