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过去人们一直认为小企业和地方化外部经济之间存在着紧密的联系,所以小企业通常都是选择定位于大都市,非都市区外的小企业发展往往比较艰难。然而随着大都市外部不经济的增加,弹性生产方式逐步替代大规模生产的福特制以及交通通讯的快速发展使得交通成本的比重越来越低,这些变化使得外部经济在空间上也发生了变化,不再囿于单个大城市,而是扩散到整个城市体系形成网络外部性,使得位于城市外部空间的小企业可以因为“借用规模”而共享大都市的外部经济。文章通过对湖北、广东、浙江、江苏和河北等省的制造业小企业(群)空间分布研究,验证了“借用规模”与小企业区位及其发展的密切关系。
In the past, people always believed that there was a close relationship between small enterprises and the externalized economy. Therefore, small enterprises usually chose to locate in metropolitan areas and small enterprises outside non-urban areas tend to have more difficulties in their development. However, with the increase in external metropolises and the gradual replacement of large-scale flexible systems by flexible production methods and the rapid development of traffic and communications, the proportion of transportation costs has been getting lower and lower. These changes have also caused changes in the external economy in space Instead of relying on a single big city, it spreads to the entire city system to create a network externality, so that small enterprises located in the urban outer space can share the metropolitan external economy because of their “borrowing scale.” Through the study of the spatial distribution of manufacturing small enterprises (clusters) in Hubei, Guangdong, Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Hebei provinces, the article verifies the close relationship between “borrowing scale ” and the location of small enterprises and their development.